changeset 20542:a7dcd7811f02

Merge
author lana
date Tue, 08 Oct 2013 14:57:32 -0700
parents 5f3e7611790a bd0a8b142cb3
children 298a19a1a1f6
files jdk/makefiles/CompileJavaClasses.gmk jdk/makefiles/CreateJars.gmk jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/InvokeGeneric.java jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/ChronoDateImpl.java jdk/test/java/time/tck/java/time/chrono/TCKChronologySerialization.java
diffstat 265 files changed, 12825 insertions(+), 3613 deletions(-) [+]
line wrap: on
line diff
--- a/jdk/make/docs/Makefile	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/make/docs/Makefile	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 DEV_DOCS_URL-5 = http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/index.html
 DEV_DOCS_URL-6 = http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/index.html
 DEV_DOCS_URL-7 = http://download.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/index.html
+DEV_DOCS_URL-8 = http://download.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/index.html
 DEV_DOCS_URL = $(DEV_DOCS_URL-$(JDK_MINOR_VERSION))
 DOCS_BASE_URL = http://download.oracle.com/javase/7/docs
 
--- a/jdk/make/java/java/FILES_c.gmk	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/make/java/java/FILES_c.gmk	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 	Console_md.c \
 	Double.c \
 	Executable.c \
+	Field.c \
 	FileDescriptor_md.c \
 	FileInputStream.c \
 	FileInputStream_md.c \
--- a/jdk/make/java/java/mapfile-vers	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/make/java/java/mapfile-vers	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -190,6 +190,8 @@
 		Java_java_lang_reflect_Array_setLong;
 		Java_java_lang_reflect_Array_setShort;
 		Java_java_lang_reflect_Executable_getParameters0;
+		Java_java_lang_reflect_Executable_getTypeAnnotationBytes0;
+		Java_java_lang_reflect_Field_getTypeAnnotationBytes0;
 		Java_java_lang_Runtime_freeMemory;
                 Java_java_lang_Runtime_maxMemory;
 		Java_java_lang_Runtime_gc;
--- a/jdk/make/netbeans/common/java-data-native.ent	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/make/netbeans/common/java-data-native.ent	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@
  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 -->
 
-<java-data xmlns="http://www.netbeans.org/ns/freeform-project-java/3">
+<java-data xmlns="http://www.netbeans.org/ns/freeform-project-java/4">
     <compilation-unit>
         <package-root>${root}/src/share/classes</package-root>
         <package-root>${root}/src/macosx/classes</package-root>
         <package-root>${root}/src/solaris/classes</package-root>
         <package-root>${root}/src/windows/classes</package-root>
         <classpath mode="boot">${bootstrap.jdk}/jre/lib/rt.jar</classpath>
-        <built-to>${root}/build/${platform}-${arch}/classes</built-to>
+        <built-to>${root}/../build/${platform}-${arch}/jdk/classes</built-to>
         <javadoc-built-to>${root}/build/${platform}-${arch}/docs/api</javadoc-built-to>
         <source-level>1.8</source-level>
     </compilation-unit>
--- a/jdk/make/netbeans/common/java-data-no-native.ent	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/make/netbeans/common/java-data-no-native.ent	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@
  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 -->
 
-<java-data xmlns="http://www.netbeans.org/ns/freeform-project-java/3">
+<java-data xmlns="http://www.netbeans.org/ns/freeform-project-java/4">
     <compilation-unit>
         <package-root>${root}/src/share/classes</package-root>
         <classpath mode="boot">${bootstrap.jdk}/jre/lib/rt.jar</classpath>
-        <built-to>${root}/build/${platform}-${arch}/classes</built-to>
+        <built-to>${root}/../build/${platform}-${arch}/jdk/classes</built-to>
         <javadoc-built-to>${root}/build/${platform}-${arch}/docs/api</javadoc-built-to>
         <source-level>1.8</source-level>
     </compilation-unit>
--- a/jdk/make/tools/src/build/tools/buildmetaindex/BuildMetaIndex.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/make/tools/src/build/tools/buildmetaindex/BuildMetaIndex.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -174,6 +174,44 @@
     private HashMap<String, HashSet<String>> knownPrefixMap = new HashMap<>();
 
     /*
+     * A class for mapping package prefixes to the number of
+     * levels of package elements to include.
+     */
+    static class ExtraLevel {
+        public ExtraLevel(String prefix, int levels) {
+            this.prefix = prefix;
+            this.levels = levels;
+        }
+        String prefix;
+        int levels;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * A list of the special-cased package names.
+     */
+    private static ArrayList<ExtraLevel> extraLevels = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    static {
+        // The order of these statements is significant,
+        // since we stop looking after the first match.
+
+        // Need more precise information to disambiguate
+        // (illegal) references from applications to
+        // obsolete backported collections classes in
+        // com/sun/java/util
+        extraLevels.add(new ExtraLevel("com/sun/java/util/", Integer.MAX_VALUE));
+        extraLevels.add(new ExtraLevel("com/sun/java/", 4));
+        // Need more information than just first two package
+        // name elements to determine that classes in
+        // deploy.jar are not in rt.jar
+        extraLevels.add(new ExtraLevel("com/sun/", 3));
+        // Need to make sure things in jfr.jar aren't
+        // confused with other com/oracle/** packages
+        extraLevels.add(new ExtraLevel("com/oracle/jrockit", 3));
+    }
+
+
+    /*
      * We add maximum 5 second level entries to "sun", "java" and
      * "javax" entries. Tune this parameter to get a balance on the
      * cold start and footprint.
@@ -237,39 +275,25 @@
                         String[] pkgElements = name.split("/");
                         // Last one is the class name; definitely ignoring that
                         if (pkgElements.length > 2) {
-                            String meta = null;
-                            // Need more information than just first two package
-                            // name elements to determine that classes in
-                            // deploy.jar are not in rt.jar
-                            if (pkgElements.length > 3 &&
-                                pkgElements[0].equals("com") &&
-                                pkgElements[1].equals("sun")) {
-                                // Need more precise information to disambiguate
-                                // (illegal) references from applications to
-                                // obsolete backported collections classes in
-                                // com/sun/java/util
-                                if (pkgElements.length > 4 &&
-                                    pkgElements[2].equals("java")) {
-                                    int bound = 0;
-                                    if (pkgElements[3].equals("util")) {
-                                        // Take all of the packages
-                                        bound = pkgElements.length - 1;
-                                    } else {
-                                        // Trim it somewhat more
-                                        bound = 4;
-                                    }
-                                    meta = "";
-                                    for (int j = 0; j < bound; j++) {
-                                        meta += pkgElements[j] + "/";
-                                    }
-                                } else {
-                                    meta = pkgElements[0] + "/" + pkgElements[1]
-                                        + "/" + pkgElements[2] + "/";
+                            String meta = "";
+
+                            // Default is 2 levels of package elements
+                            int levels = 2;
+
+                            // But for some packages we add more elements
+                            for(ExtraLevel el : extraLevels) {
+                                if (name.startsWith(el.prefix)) {
+                                    levels = el.levels;
+                                    break;
                                 }
-                            } else {
-                                meta = pkgElements[0] + "/" + pkgElements[1] + "/";
+                            }
+                            for (int i = 0; i < levels && i < pkgElements.length - 1; i++) {
+                                meta += pkgElements[i] + "/";
                             }
-                            indexSet.add(meta);
+
+                            if (!meta.equals("")) {
+                                indexSet.add(meta);
+                            }
                         }
 
                     } // end of "while" loop;
--- a/jdk/makefiles/CompileJavaClasses.gmk	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/makefiles/CompileJavaClasses.gmk	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -237,10 +237,10 @@
 
 # These files do not appear in the build result of the old build. This
 # is because they are generated sources, but the AUTO_JAVA_FILES won't
-# pick them up since they aren't generated when the source dirs are 
+# pick them up since they aren't generated when the source dirs are
 # searched and they aren't referenced by any other classes so they won't
 # be picked up by implicit compilation. On a rebuild, they are picked up
-# and compiled. Exclude them here to produce the same rt.jar as the old 
+# and compiled. Exclude them here to produce the same rt.jar as the old
 # build does when building just once.
 EXFILES+=javax/swing/plaf/nimbus/InternalFrameTitlePanePainter.java \
 	 javax/swing/plaf/nimbus/OptionPaneMessageAreaPainter.java \
@@ -308,19 +308,6 @@
 
 ##########################################################################################
 
-ifndef OPENJDK
-
-    $(eval $(call SetupJavaCompilation,BUILD_ALTCLASSES,\
-		SETUP:=GENERATE_JDKBYTECODE,\
-		SRC:=$(JDK_TOPDIR)/src/closed/share/altclasses, \
-		BIN:=$(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/altclasses_classes))
-
-    $(BUILD_ALTCLASSES): $(BUILD_JDK)
-
-endif
-
-##########################################################################################
-
 $(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/classes/META-INF/services/com.sun.tools.xjc.Plugin:
 	$(MKDIR) -p $(@D)
 	$(TOUCH) $@
@@ -403,7 +390,7 @@
 
 ##########################################################################################
 
-all: $(BUILD_JDK) $(BUILD_ALTCLASSES) $(BUILD_JOBJC) $(BUILD_JOBJC_HEADERS) $(COPY_EXTRA) \
+all: $(BUILD_JDK) $(BUILD_JOBJC) $(BUILD_JOBJC_HEADERS) $(COPY_EXTRA) \
 	$(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/classes/META-INF/services/com.sun.tools.xjc.Plugin \
 	$(BUILD_ACCESSBRIDGE_32) $(BUILD_ACCESSBRIDGE_64) \
 	$(BUILD_ACCESSBRIDGE_LEGACY)
--- a/jdk/makefiles/CreateJars.gmk	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/makefiles/CreateJars.gmk	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -1003,15 +1003,6 @@
 
 ##########################################################################################
 
-ifndef OPENJDK
-    $(eval $(call SetupArchive,BUILD_ALT_RT_JAR,,\
-		SRCS:=$(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/altclasses_classes,\
-		JAR:=$(IMAGES_OUTPUTDIR)/lib/alt-rt.jar))
-
-endif
-
-##########################################################################################
-
 # This file is imported from hotspot in Import.gmk. Copying it into images/lib so that
 # all jars can be found in one place when creating images in Images.gmk. It needs to be
 # done here so that clean targets can be simple and accurate.
--- a/jdk/makefiles/Profiles.gmk	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/makefiles/Profiles.gmk	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
 # imported (signed jars) rather than built.
 #
 # The incoming lists, eg PROFILE_1_JRE_JARS_FILES, are the jars to be
-# included in this profile. They have the jar name relative to the lib 
-# directory. We have to turn these into targets by adding the 
+# included in this profile. They have the jar name relative to the lib
+# directory. We have to turn these into targets by adding the
 # $(IMAGES_OUTPUTDIR)/lib prefix
 #
 # Note that some jars may be optional depending on the type of build (jdk vs.
@@ -69,10 +69,6 @@
     $(addprefix $(IMAGES_OUTPUTDIR)/lib/, $(PROFILE_3_JRE_JAR_FILES)) \
     $(PROFILE_2_JARS)
 
-ifdef OPENJDK
-  FULL_JRE_JAR_FILES := $(filter-out alt-rt.jar, $(FULL_JRE_JAR_FILES))
-endif
-
 ifneq ($(ENABLE_JFR), true)
   FULL_JRE_JAR_FILES :=  $(filter-out jfr.jar, $(FULL_JRE_JAR_FILES))
 endif
@@ -107,7 +103,7 @@
 
 ifeq ($(OPENJDK_TARGET_OS),windows)
     ALL_JARS += $(IMAGES_OUTPUTDIR)/lib/ext/sunmscapi.jar
-endif 
+endif
 
 ifeq ($(OPENJDK_TARGET_OS),macosx)
     ALL_JARS += $(IMAGES_OUTPUTDIR)/lib/JObjC.jar
@@ -142,7 +138,7 @@
    $(PROFILE_1_JRE_BIN_FILES) \
    $(PROFILE_2_JRE_BIN_FILES) \
    $(PROFILE_3_JRE_BIN_FILES) \
-   $(FULL_JRE_BIN_FILES) 
+   $(FULL_JRE_BIN_FILES)
 
 NOT_JRE_BIN_FILES := $(filter-out $(ALL_JRE_BIN_FILES), $(NEW_ALL_BIN_LIST))
 
@@ -151,18 +147,18 @@
     NOT_JRE_BIN_FILES += \
         $(PROFILE_2_JRE_BIN_FILES) \
         $(PROFILE_3_JRE_BIN_FILES) \
-        $(FULL_JRE_BIN_FILES) 
+        $(FULL_JRE_BIN_FILES)
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(PROFILE), profile_2)
     NOT_JRE_BIN_FILES += \
         $(PROFILE_3_JRE_BIN_FILES) \
-        $(FULL_JRE_BIN_FILES) 
+        $(FULL_JRE_BIN_FILES)
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(PROFILE), profile_3)
     NOT_JRE_BIN_FILES += \
-        $(FULL_JRE_BIN_FILES) 
+        $(FULL_JRE_BIN_FILES)
 endif
 
 NOT_JRE_BIN_FILES := $(addprefix $(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/bin/, $(NOT_JRE_BIN_FILES))
@@ -175,7 +171,7 @@
    $(PROFILE_1_JRE_LIB_FILES) \
    $(PROFILE_2_JRE_LIB_FILES) \
    $(PROFILE_3_JRE_LIB_FILES) \
-   $(FULL_JRE_LIB_FILES) 
+   $(FULL_JRE_LIB_FILES)
 
 NOT_JRE_LIB_FILES := $(filter-out $(ALL_JRE_LIB_FILES), $(NEW_ALL_LIB_LIST))
 
@@ -191,18 +187,18 @@
     NOT_JRE_LIB_FILES += \
         $(PROFILE_2_JRE_LIB_FILES) \
         $(PROFILE_3_JRE_LIB_FILES) \
-        $(FULL_JRE_LIB_FILES) 
+        $(FULL_JRE_LIB_FILES)
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(PROFILE), profile_2)
     NOT_JRE_LIB_FILES += \
         $(PROFILE_3_JRE_LIB_FILES) \
-        $(FULL_JRE_LIB_FILES) 
+        $(FULL_JRE_LIB_FILES)
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(PROFILE), profile_3)
     NOT_JRE_LIB_FILES += \
-        $(FULL_JRE_LIB_FILES) 
+        $(FULL_JRE_LIB_FILES)
 endif
 
 # Exclude the custom jar files as these will be added back via a special rule
@@ -210,7 +206,7 @@
 
 ###############################################################################
 # Customization of rt.jar file contents
-# These are expressed as exclusions from everything found in the 
+# These are expressed as exclusions from everything found in the
 # JDK_OUTPUTDIR/classes directory
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -231,8 +227,8 @@
 #
 # These are specific types that must be included within a package.
 # There are two cases:
-# - individual types in a package that is otherwise excluded at this 
-#   profile level. The only arises if there are split packages. 
+# - individual types in a package that is otherwise excluded at this
+#   profile level. The only arises if there are split packages.
 #
 # - A higher-level package is included in a high profile where a subpackage
 # is included in a lower profile. Including the package in the high profile
@@ -247,7 +243,7 @@
 # containing package is include. Again this occurs with split packges.
 #
 # So the exclude list for each profile consists of the include lists
-# for all profiles above it, together with any explicitly excluded types. 
+# for all profiles above it, together with any explicitly excluded types.
 # This is then combined with the overall RT_JAR_EXCLUDES list (which covers
 # things that go into other jar files).
 #
@@ -257,7 +253,7 @@
 # profile 3 includes the entire package, but it is harmless to add them
 # explicitly, and complex to determine if we still need to include them.
 #
-# Need a way to express: 
+# Need a way to express:
 #  for (int i = profile+1; i < 4; i++)
 #     RT_JAR_EXCLUDES += PROFILE_$i_RTJAR_INCLUDE_PACKAGES
 #
@@ -267,7 +263,7 @@
 #
 # These are META-INF/services/ entries found in resources.jar. Together
 # resources.jar and rt.jar hold the contents of the classes directory, (the
-# classes in rt.jar and everything else in resources.jar).Hence the 
+# classes in rt.jar and everything else in resources.jar).Hence the
 # include/exclude information for resources.jar is tied to that of rt.jar
 
 include profile-rtjar-includes.txt
@@ -324,7 +320,7 @@
 
 # Filter out non-OpenJDK services
 ifdef OPENJDK
-  EXCLUDED_SERVICES := META-INF/services/javax.script.ScriptEngineFactory 
+  EXCLUDED_SERVICES := META-INF/services/javax.script.ScriptEngineFactory
   PROFILE_INCLUDE_METAINF_SERVICES := $(filter-out $(EXCLUDED_SERVICES),$(PROFILE_INCLUDE_METAINF_SERVICES))
 endif
 
--- a/jdk/makefiles/mapfiles/libjava/mapfile-vers	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/makefiles/mapfiles/libjava/mapfile-vers	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -190,6 +190,8 @@
 		Java_java_lang_reflect_Array_setLong;
 		Java_java_lang_reflect_Array_setShort;
 		Java_java_lang_reflect_Executable_getParameters0;
+		Java_java_lang_reflect_Executable_getTypeAnnotationBytes0;
+		Java_java_lang_reflect_Field_getTypeAnnotationBytes0;
 		Java_java_lang_Runtime_freeMemory;
                 Java_java_lang_Runtime_maxMemory;
 		Java_java_lang_Runtime_gc;
--- a/jdk/makefiles/profile-includes.txt	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/makefiles/profile-includes.txt	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@
     rmid$(EXE_SUFFIX) \
     rmiregistry$(EXE_SUFFIX)
 
-PROFILE_2_JRE_LIB_FILES := 
+PROFILE_2_JRE_LIB_FILES :=
 
-PROFILE_2_JRE_OTHER_FILES := 
+PROFILE_2_JRE_OTHER_FILES :=
 
-PROFILE_2_JRE_JAR_FILES := 
+PROFILE_2_JRE_JAR_FILES :=
 
 
-PROFILE_3_JRE_BIN_FILES := 
+PROFILE_3_JRE_BIN_FILES :=
 
 PROFILE_3_JRE_LIB_FILES := \
     $(OPENJDK_TARGET_CPU_LEGACY_LIB)/$(LIBRARY_PREFIX)hprof$(SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX) \
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
     management/management.properties \
     management/snmp.acl.template
 
-PROFILE_3_JRE_OTHER_FILES := 
+PROFILE_3_JRE_OTHER_FILES :=
 
 PROFILE_3_JRE_JAR_FILES := \
     management-agent.jar
@@ -171,7 +171,6 @@
     $(OPENJDK_TARGET_CPU_LEGACY_LIB)/$(LIBRARY_PREFIX)splashscreen$(SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX) \
     $(OPENJDK_TARGET_CPU_LEGACY_LIB)/$(LIBRARY_PREFIX)t2k$(SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX) \
     $(OPENJDK_TARGET_CPU_LEGACY_LIB)/$(LIBRARY_PREFIX)unpack$(SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX) \
-    alt-rt.jar \
     charsets.jar \
     cmm/CIEXYZ.pf \
     cmm/GRAY.pf \
@@ -248,7 +247,6 @@
     man/man1/unpack200.1
 
 FULL_JRE_JAR_FILES := \
-    alt-rt.jar \
     charsets.jar \
     ext/cldrdata.jar \
     ext/dnsns.jar \
--- a/jdk/src/macosx/classes/apple/security/AppleProvider.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/macosx/classes/apple/security/AppleProvider.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2011, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2011, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 
     public AppleProvider() {
         /* We are the Apple provider */
-        super("Apple", 1.1, info);
+        super("Apple", 1.8d, info);
 
         AccessController.<Object>doPrivileged(new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
             public Object run() {
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/com/sun/crypto/provider/SunJCE.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/com/sun/crypto/provider/SunJCE.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
 
     public SunJCE() {
         /* We are the "SunJCE" provider */
-        super("SunJCE", 1.7d, info);
+        super("SunJCE", 1.8d, info);
 
         final String BLOCK_MODES = "ECB|CBC|PCBC|CTR|CTS|CFB|OFB" +
             "|CFB8|CFB16|CFB24|CFB32|CFB40|CFB48|CFB56|CFB64" +
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/com/sun/java/util/jar/pack/Driver.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/com/sun/java/util/jar/pack/Driver.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2003, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@
                 } else {
                     if (!packfile.toLowerCase().endsWith(".pack") &&
                             !packfile.toLowerCase().endsWith(".pac")) {
-                        System.err.println(MessageFormat.format(RESOURCE.getString(DriverResource.WIRTE_PACKGZ_FILE),packfile));
+                        System.err.println(MessageFormat.format(RESOURCE.getString(DriverResource.WRITE_PACKGZ_FILE),packfile));
                         printUsage(doPack, false, System.err);
                         System.exit(2);
                     }
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/com/sun/java/util/jar/pack/DriverResource.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/com/sun/java/util/jar/pack/DriverResource.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2005, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -22,110 +22,99 @@
  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  * questions.
  */
-
 package com.sun.java.util.jar.pack;
 
 import java.util.ListResourceBundle;
 
 public class DriverResource extends ListResourceBundle {
-        public static final String VERSION ="VERSION";
-        public static final String BAD_ARGUMENT ="BAD_ARGUMENT";
-        public static final String BAD_OPTION ="BAD_OPTION";
-        public static final String BAD_REPACK_OUTPUT="BAD_REPACK_OUTPUT";
-        public static final String DETECTED_ZIP_COMMENT="DETECTED_ZIP_COMMENT";
-        public static final String SKIP_FOR_REPACKED ="SKIP_FOR_REPACKED";
-        public static final String WRITE_PACK_FILE ="WRITE_PACK_FILE";
-        public static final String WIRTE_PACKGZ_FILE="WIRTE_PACKGZ_FILE";
-        public static final String SKIP_FOR_MOVE_FAILED="SKIP_FOR_MOVE_FAILED";
-        public static final String PACK_HELP="PACK_HELP";
-        public static final String UNPACK_HELP ="UNPACK_HELP";
-        public static final String MORE_INFO = "MORE_INFO";
-        public static final String DUPLICATE_OPTION = "DUPLICATE_OPTION";
-        public static final String BAD_SPEC = "BAD_SPEC";
 
-        //The following string is duplicate in PACK and UNPACK comment,which was draw out to ruduce translation work.
-        private static final String PARAMETER_V = "  -v, --verbose                   increase program verbosity";
-        private static final String PARAMETER_Q = "  -q, --quiet                     set verbosity to lowest level";
-        private static final String PARAMETER_LF = "  -l{F}, --log-file={F}           output to the given log file, or '-' for System.out";
-        private static final String PARAMETER_H = "  -?, -h, --help                  print this message";
-        private static final String PARAMETER_VER = "  -V, --version                   print program version";
-        private static final String PARAMETER_J = "  -J{X}                           pass option X to underlying Java VM";
-
+    public static final String VERSION = "VERSION";
+    public static final String BAD_ARGUMENT = "BAD_ARGUMENT";
+    public static final String BAD_OPTION = "BAD_OPTION";
+    public static final String BAD_REPACK_OUTPUT = "BAD_REPACK_OUTPUT";
+    public static final String DETECTED_ZIP_COMMENT = "DETECTED_ZIP_COMMENT";
+    public static final String SKIP_FOR_REPACKED = "SKIP_FOR_REPACKED";
+    public static final String WRITE_PACK_FILE = "WRITE_PACK_FILE";
+    public static final String WRITE_PACKGZ_FILE = "WRITE_PACKGZ_FILE";
+    public static final String SKIP_FOR_MOVE_FAILED = "SKIP_FOR_MOVE_FAILED";
+    public static final String PACK_HELP = "PACK_HELP";
+    public static final String UNPACK_HELP = "UNPACK_HELP";
+    public static final String MORE_INFO = "MORE_INFO";
+    public static final String DUPLICATE_OPTION = "DUPLICATE_OPTION";
+    public static final String BAD_SPEC = "BAD_SPEC";
 
-        //The following are outputs of command 'pack200' and 'unpack200'.
-        //Don't translate command arguments ,words with a prefix of '-' or '--'.
-        //
-        private static final Object[][] resource= {
-                {VERSION,"{0} version {1}"},//parameter 0:class name;parameter 1: version value
-                {BAD_ARGUMENT,"Bad argument: {0}"},
-                {BAD_OPTION,"Bad option: {0}={1}"},//parameter 0:option name;parameter 1:option value
-                {BAD_REPACK_OUTPUT,"Bad --repack output: {0}"},//parameter 0:filename
-                {DETECTED_ZIP_COMMENT,"Detected ZIP comment: {0}"},//parameter 0:comment
-                {SKIP_FOR_REPACKED,"Skipping because already repacked: {0}"},//parameter 0:filename
-                {WRITE_PACK_FILE,"To write a *.pack file, specify --no-gzip: {0}"},//parameter 0:filename
-                {WIRTE_PACKGZ_FILE,"To write a *.pack.gz file, specify --gzip: {0}"},//parameter 0:filename
-                {SKIP_FOR_MOVE_FAILED,"Skipping unpack because move failed: {0}"},//parameter 0:filename
-                {PACK_HELP,new String[]{
-                                "Usage:  pack200 [-opt... | --option=value]... x.pack[.gz] y.jar",
-                                "",
-                                "Packing Options",
-                                "  -g, --no-gzip                   output a plain *.pack file with no zipping",
-                                "  --gzip                          (default) post-process the pack output with gzip",
-                                "  -G, --strip-debug               remove debugging attributes while packing",
-                                "  -O, --no-keep-file-order        do not transmit file ordering information",
-                                "  --keep-file-order               (default) preserve input file ordering",
-                                "  -S{N}, --segment-limit={N}      output segment limit (default N=1Mb)",
-                                "  -E{N}, --effort={N}             packing effort (default N=5)",
-                                "  -H{h}, --deflate-hint={h}       transmit deflate hint: true, false, or keep (default)",
-                                "  -m{V}, --modification-time={V}  transmit modtimes: latest or keep (default)",
-                                "  -P{F}, --pass-file={F}          transmit the given input element(s) uncompressed",
-                                "  -U{a}, --unknown-attribute={a}  unknown attribute action: error, strip, or pass (default)",
-                                "  -C{N}={L}, --class-attribute={N}={L}  (user-defined attribute)",
-                                "  -F{N}={L}, --field-attribute={N}={L}  (user-defined attribute)",
-                                "  -M{N}={L}, --method-attribute={N}={L} (user-defined attribute)",
-                                "  -D{N}={L}, --code-attribute={N}={L}   (user-defined attribute)",
-                                "  -f{F}, --config-file={F}        read file F for Pack200.Packer properties",
-                                PARAMETER_V ,
-                                PARAMETER_Q ,
-                                PARAMETER_LF ,
-                                PARAMETER_H ,
-                                PARAMETER_VER ,
-                                PARAMETER_J,
-                                "",
-                                "Notes:",
-                                "  The -P, -C, -F, -M, and -D options accumulate.",
-                                "  Example attribute definition:  -C SourceFile=RUH .",
-                                "  Config. file properties are defined by the Pack200 API.",
-                                "  For meaning of -S, -E, -H-, -m, -U values, see Pack200 API.",
-                                "  Layout definitions (like RUH) are defined by JSR 200.",
-                                "",
-                                "Repacking mode updates the JAR file with a pack/unpack cycle:",
-                                "    pack200 [-r|--repack] [-opt | --option=value]... [repackedy.jar] y.jar\n"
-                                }
-                },
-                {UNPACK_HELP,new String[]{
-                                "Usage:  unpack200 [-opt... | --option=value]... x.pack[.gz] y.jar\n",
-                                "",
-                                "Unpacking Options",
-                                "  -H{h}, --deflate-hint={h}     override transmitted deflate hint: true, false, or keep (default)",
-                                "  -r, --remove-pack-file        remove input file after unpacking",
-                                PARAMETER_V ,
-                                PARAMETER_Q ,
-                                PARAMETER_LF ,
-                                PARAMETER_H ,
-                                PARAMETER_VER ,
-                                PARAMETER_J,
-                            }
-                },
+    /*
+     * The following are the output of 'pack200' and 'unpack200' commands.
+     * Do not translate command arguments and words with a prefix of '-' or '--'.
+     */
+    private static final Object[][] resource = {
+        {VERSION, "{0} version {1}"}, // parameter 0:class name;parameter 1: version value
+        {BAD_ARGUMENT, "Bad argument: {0}"},
+        {BAD_OPTION, "Bad option: {0}={1}"}, // parameter 0:option name;parameter 1:option value
+        {BAD_REPACK_OUTPUT, "Bad --repack output: {0}"}, // parameter 0:filename
+        {DETECTED_ZIP_COMMENT, "Detected ZIP comment: {0}"}, // parameter 0:comment
+        {SKIP_FOR_REPACKED, "Skipping because already repacked: {0}"}, // parameter 0:filename
+        {WRITE_PACK_FILE, "To write a *.pack file, specify --no-gzip: {0}"}, // parameter 0:filename
+        {WRITE_PACKGZ_FILE, "To write a *.pack.gz file, specify --gzip: {0}"}, // parameter 0:filename
+        {SKIP_FOR_MOVE_FAILED, "Skipping unpack because move failed: {0}"}, // parameter 0:filename
+        {PACK_HELP, new String[] {
+                "Usage:  pack200 [-opt... | --option=value]... x.pack[.gz] y.jar",
+                "",
+                "Packing Options",
+                "  -g, --no-gzip                   output a plain *.pack file with no zipping",
+                "  --gzip                          (default) post-process the pack output with gzip",
+                "  -G, --strip-debug               remove debugging attributes while packing",
+                "  -O, --no-keep-file-order        do not transmit file ordering information",
+                "  --keep-file-order               (default) preserve input file ordering",
+                "  -S{N}, --segment-limit={N}      output segment limit (default N=1Mb)",
+                "  -E{N}, --effort={N}             packing effort (default N=5)",
+                "  -H{h}, --deflate-hint={h}       transmit deflate hint: true, false, or keep (default)",
+                "  -m{V}, --modification-time={V}  transmit modtimes: latest or keep (default)",
+                "  -P{F}, --pass-file={F}          transmit the given input element(s) uncompressed",
+                "  -U{a}, --unknown-attribute={a}  unknown attribute action: error, strip, or pass (default)",
+                "  -C{N}={L}, --class-attribute={N}={L}  (user-defined attribute)",
+                "  -F{N}={L}, --field-attribute={N}={L}  (user-defined attribute)",
+                "  -M{N}={L}, --method-attribute={N}={L} (user-defined attribute)",
+                "  -D{N}={L}, --code-attribute={N}={L}   (user-defined attribute)",
+                "  -f{F}, --config-file={F}        read file F for Pack200.Packer properties",
+                "  -v, --verbose                   increase program verbosity",
+                "  -q, --quiet                     set verbosity to lowest level",
+                "  -l{F}, --log-file={F}           output to the given log file, or '-' for System.out",
+                "  -?, -h, --help                  print this message",
+                "  -V, --version                   print program version",
+                "  -J{X}                           pass option X to underlying Java VM",
+                "",
+                "Notes:",
+                "  The -P, -C, -F, -M, and -D options accumulate.",
+                "  Example attribute definition:  -C SourceFile=RUH .",
+                "  Config. file properties are defined by the Pack200 API.",
+                "  For meaning of -S, -E, -H-, -m, -U values, see Pack200 API.",
+                "  Layout definitions (like RUH) are defined by JSR 200.",
+                "",
+                "Repacking mode updates the JAR file with a pack/unpack cycle:",
+                "    pack200 [-r|--repack] [-opt | --option=value]... [repackedy.jar] y.jar\n"
+            }
+        },
+        {UNPACK_HELP, new String[] {
+                "Usage:  unpack200 [-opt... | --option=value]... x.pack[.gz] y.jar\n",
+                "",
+                "Unpacking Options",
+                "  -H{h}, --deflate-hint={h}     override transmitted deflate hint: true, false, or keep (default)",
+                "  -r, --remove-pack-file        remove input file after unpacking",
+                "  -v, --verbose                 increase program verbosity",
+                "  -q, --quiet                   set verbosity to lowest level",
+                "  -l{F}, --log-file={F}         output to the given log file, or '-' for System.out",
+                "  -?, -h, --help                print this message",
+                "  -V, --version                 print program version",
+                "  -J{X}                         pass option X to underlying Java VM"
+            }
+        },
+        {MORE_INFO, "(For more information, run {0} --help .)"}, // parameter 0:command name
+        {DUPLICATE_OPTION, "duplicate option: {0}"}, // parameter 0:option
+        {BAD_SPEC, "bad spec for {0}: {1}"}, // parameter 0:option;parameter 1:specifier
+    };
 
-                {MORE_INFO,"(For more information, run {0} --help .)"},//parameter 0:command name
-                {DUPLICATE_OPTION,"duplicate option: {0}"},//parameter 0:option
-                {BAD_SPEC,"bad spec for {0}: {1}"},//parameter 0:option;parameter 1:specifier
-        };
-
-        protected Object[][] getContents() {
-                return resource;
-        }
-
-
+    protected Object[][] getContents() {
+        return resource;
+    }
 }
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/com/sun/security/sasl/Provider.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/com/sun/security/sasl/Provider.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2003, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
         " server mechanisms for: DIGEST-MD5, GSSAPI, CRAM-MD5, NTLM)";
 
     public Provider() {
-        super("SunSASL", 1.7d, info);
+        super("SunSASL", 1.8d, info);
 
         AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
             public Void run() {
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/io/File.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/io/File.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -1908,10 +1908,18 @@
             } else {
                 n = Math.abs(n);
             }
+
+            // Use only the file name from the supplied prefix
+            prefix = (new File(prefix)).getName();
+
             String name = prefix + Long.toString(n) + suffix;
             File f = new File(dir, name);
-            if (!name.equals(f.getName()) || f.isInvalid())
-                throw new IOException("Unable to create temporary file");
+            if (!name.equals(f.getName()) || f.isInvalid()) {
+                if (System.getSecurityManager() != null)
+                    throw new IOException("Unable to create temporary file");
+                else
+                    throw new IOException("Unable to create temporary file, " + f);
+            }
             return f;
         }
     }
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/Class.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/Class.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -3414,16 +3414,20 @@
     transient ClassValue.ClassValueMap classValueMap;
 
     /**
-     * Returns an AnnotatedType object that represents the use of a type to specify
-     * the superclass of the entity represented by this Class. (The <em>use</em> of type
-     * Foo to specify the superclass in '... extends Foo' is distinct from the
-     * <em>declaration</em> of type Foo.)
+     * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a
+     * type to specify the superclass of the entity represented by this {@code
+     * Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify the superclass
+     * in '...  extends Foo' is distinct from the <em>declaration</em> of type
+     * Foo.)
      *
-     * If this Class represents a class type whose declaration does not explicitly
-     * indicate an annotated superclass, the return value is null.
+     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type whose declaration
+     * does not explicitly indicate an annotated superclass, then the return
+     * value is an {@code AnnotatedType} object representing an element with no
+     * annotations.
      *
-     * If this Class represents either the Object class, an interface type, an
-     * array type, a primitive type, or void, the return value is null.
+     * <p> If this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object} class, an
+     * interface type, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return
+     * value is {@code null}.
      *
      * @return an object representing the superclass
      * @since 1.8
@@ -3441,30 +3445,33 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns an array of AnnotatedType objects that represent the use of types to
-     * specify superinterfaces of the entity represented by this Class. (The <em>use</em>
-     * of type Foo to specify a superinterface in '... implements Foo' is
-     * distinct from the <em>declaration</em> of type Foo.)
+     * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
+     * of types to specify superinterfaces of the entity represented by this
+     * {@code Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify a
+     * superinterface in '... implements Foo' is distinct from the
+     * <em>declaration</em> of type Foo.)
      *
-     * If this Class represents a class, the return value is an array
-     * containing objects representing the uses of interface types to specify
-     * interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the objects in the
-     * array corresponds to the order of the interface types used in the
-     * 'implements' clause of the declaration of this Class.
+     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is
+     * an array containing objects representing the uses of interface types to
+     * specify interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the objects in
+     * the array corresponds to the order of the interface types used in the
+     * 'implements' clause of the declaration of this {@code Class} object.
      *
-     * If this Class represents an interface, the return value is an array
-     * containing objects representing the uses of interface types to specify
-     * interfaces directly extended by the interface. The order of the objects in
-     * the array corresponds to the order of the interface types used in the
-     * 'extends' clause of the declaration of this Class.
+     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the return
+     * value is an array containing objects representing the uses of interface
+     * types to specify interfaces directly extended by the interface. The
+     * order of the objects in the array corresponds to the order of the
+     * interface types used in the 'extends' clause of the declaration of this
+     * {@code Class} object.
      *
-     * If this Class represents a class or interface whose declaration does not
-     * explicitly indicate any annotated superinterfaces, the return value is an
+     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface whose
+     * declaration does not explicitly indicate any annotated superinterfaces,
+     * the return value is an array of length 0.
+     *
+     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents either the {@code Object}
+     * class, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return value is an
      * array of length 0.
      *
-     * If this Class represents either the Object class, an array type, a
-     * primitive type, or void, the return value is an array of length 0.
-     *
      * @return an array representing the superinterfaces
      * @since 1.8
      */
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/AbstractValidatingLambdaMetafactory.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/AbstractValidatingLambdaMetafactory.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -125,10 +125,7 @@
 
         this.implMethod = implMethod;
         this.implInfo = caller.revealDirect(implMethod);
-        // @@@ Temporary work-around pending resolution of 8005119
-        this.implKind = (implInfo.getReferenceKind() == MethodHandleInfo.REF_invokeSpecial)
-                        ? MethodHandleInfo.REF_invokeVirtual
-                        : implInfo.getReferenceKind();
+        this.implKind = implInfo.getReferenceKind();
         this.implIsInstanceMethod =
                 implKind == MethodHandleInfo.REF_invokeVirtual ||
                 implKind == MethodHandleInfo.REF_invokeSpecial ||
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/BoundMethodHandle.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/BoundMethodHandle.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -360,6 +360,10 @@
             return new Name(mh, mhName);
         }
 
+        NamedFunction getterFunction(int i) {
+            return new NamedFunction(getters[i]);
+        }
+
         static final SpeciesData EMPTY = new SpeciesData("", BoundMethodHandle.class);
 
         private SpeciesData(String types, Class<? extends BoundMethodHandle> clazz) {
@@ -394,6 +398,7 @@
         private boolean isPlaceholder() { return clazz == null; }
 
         private static final HashMap<String, SpeciesData> CACHE = new HashMap<>();
+        static { CACHE.put("", EMPTY); }  // make bootstrap predictable
         private static final boolean INIT_DONE;  // set after <clinit> finishes...
 
         SpeciesData extendWithType(char type) {
@@ -524,18 +529,18 @@
          * A concrete BMH species adheres to the following schema:
          *
          * <pre>
-         * class Species_<<types>> extends BoundMethodHandle {
-         *     <<fields>>
-         *     final SpeciesData speciesData() { return SpeciesData.get("<<types>>"); }
+         * class Species_[[types]] extends BoundMethodHandle {
+         *     [[fields]]
+         *     final SpeciesData speciesData() { return SpeciesData.get("[[types]]"); }
          * }
          * </pre>
          *
-         * The {@code <<types>>} signature is precisely the string that is passed to this
+         * The {@code [[types]]} signature is precisely the string that is passed to this
          * method.
          *
-         * The {@code <<fields>>} section consists of one field definition per character in
+         * The {@code [[fields]]} section consists of one field definition per character in
          * the type signature, adhering to the naming schema described in the definition of
-         * {@link #makeFieldName()}.
+         * {@link #makeFieldName}.
          *
          * For example, a concrete BMH species for two reference and one integral bound values
          * would have the following shape:
@@ -817,7 +822,7 @@
          * {@code <init>}. To avoid this, we add an indirection by invoking {@code <init>} through
          * {@link MethodHandle#linkToSpecial}.
          *
-         * The last {@link LambdaForm#Name Name} in the argument's form is expected to be the {@code void}
+         * The last {@link LambdaForm.Name Name} in the argument's form is expected to be the {@code void}
          * result of the {@code <init>} invocation. This entry is replaced.
          */
         private static MethodHandle linkConstructor(MethodHandle cmh) {
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/CallSite.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/CallSite.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
  * <p>
  * Here is a sample use of call sites and bootstrap methods which links every
  * dynamic call site to print its arguments:
-<blockquote><pre><!-- see indy-demo/src/PrintArgsDemo.java -->
+<blockquote><pre>{@code
 static void test() throws Throwable {
     // THE FOLLOWING LINE IS PSEUDOCODE FOR A JVM INSTRUCTION
     InvokeDynamic[#bootstrapDynamic].baz("baz arg", 2, 3.14);
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
   // ignore caller and name, but match the type:
   return new ConstantCallSite(printArgs.asType(type));
 }
-</pre></blockquote>
+}</pre></blockquote>
  * @author John Rose, JSR 292 EG
  */
 abstract
@@ -199,12 +199,12 @@
      * which has been linked to this call site.
      * <p>
      * This method is equivalent to the following code:
-     * <blockquote><pre>
+     * <blockquote><pre>{@code
      * MethodHandle getTarget, invoker, result;
      * getTarget = MethodHandles.publicLookup().bind(this, "getTarget", MethodType.methodType(MethodHandle.class));
      * invoker = MethodHandles.exactInvoker(this.type());
      * result = MethodHandles.foldArguments(invoker, getTarget)
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      *
      * @return a method handle which always invokes this call site's current target
      */
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@
                              Object info,
                              // Caller information:
                              Class<?> callerClass) {
-        Object caller = IMPL_LOOKUP.in(callerClass);
+        MethodHandles.Lookup caller = IMPL_LOOKUP.in(callerClass);
         CallSite site;
         try {
             Object binding;
@@ -273,14 +273,44 @@
             } else {
                 Object[] argv = (Object[]) info;
                 maybeReBoxElements(argv);
-                if (3 + argv.length > 255)
-                    throw new BootstrapMethodError("too many bootstrap method arguments");
-                MethodType bsmType = bootstrapMethod.type();
-                if (bsmType.parameterCount() == 4 && bsmType.parameterType(3) == Object[].class)
-                    binding = bootstrapMethod.invoke(caller, name, type, argv);
-                else
-                    binding = MethodHandles.spreadInvoker(bsmType, 3)
-                        .invoke(bootstrapMethod, caller, name, type, argv);
+                switch (argv.length) {
+                case 0:
+                    binding = bootstrapMethod.invoke(caller, name, type);
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    binding = bootstrapMethod.invoke(caller, name, type,
+                                                     argv[0]);
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    binding = bootstrapMethod.invoke(caller, name, type,
+                                                     argv[0], argv[1]);
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    binding = bootstrapMethod.invoke(caller, name, type,
+                                                     argv[0], argv[1], argv[2]);
+                    break;
+                case 4:
+                    binding = bootstrapMethod.invoke(caller, name, type,
+                                                     argv[0], argv[1], argv[2], argv[3]);
+                    break;
+                case 5:
+                    binding = bootstrapMethod.invoke(caller, name, type,
+                                                     argv[0], argv[1], argv[2], argv[3], argv[4]);
+                    break;
+                case 6:
+                    binding = bootstrapMethod.invoke(caller, name, type,
+                                                     argv[0], argv[1], argv[2], argv[3], argv[4], argv[5]);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    final int NON_SPREAD_ARG_COUNT = 3;  // (caller, name, type)
+                    if (NON_SPREAD_ARG_COUNT + argv.length > MethodType.MAX_MH_ARITY)
+                        throw new BootstrapMethodError("too many bootstrap method arguments");
+                    MethodType bsmType = bootstrapMethod.type();
+                    MethodType invocationType = MethodType.genericMethodType(NON_SPREAD_ARG_COUNT + argv.length);
+                    MethodHandle typedBSM = bootstrapMethod.asType(invocationType);
+                    MethodHandle spreader = invocationType.invokers().spreadInvoker(NON_SPREAD_ARG_COUNT);
+                    binding = spreader.invokeExact(typedBSM, (Object)caller, (Object)name, (Object)type, argv);
+                }
             }
             //System.out.println("BSM for "+name+type+" => "+binding);
             if (binding instanceof CallSite) {
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/DirectMethodHandle.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/DirectMethodHandle.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -257,12 +257,12 @@
         assert(names.length == nameCursor);
         if (doesAlloc) {
             // names = { argx,y,z,... new C, init method }
-            names[NEW_OBJ] = new Name(NF_allocateInstance, names[DMH_THIS]);
-            names[GET_MEMBER] = new Name(NF_constructorMethod, names[DMH_THIS]);
+            names[NEW_OBJ] = new Name(Lazy.NF_allocateInstance, names[DMH_THIS]);
+            names[GET_MEMBER] = new Name(Lazy.NF_constructorMethod, names[DMH_THIS]);
         } else if (needsInit) {
-            names[GET_MEMBER] = new Name(NF_internalMemberNameEnsureInit, names[DMH_THIS]);
+            names[GET_MEMBER] = new Name(Lazy.NF_internalMemberNameEnsureInit, names[DMH_THIS]);
         } else {
-            names[GET_MEMBER] = new Name(NF_internalMemberName, names[DMH_THIS]);
+            names[GET_MEMBER] = new Name(Lazy.NF_internalMemberName, names[DMH_THIS]);
         }
         Object[] outArgs = Arrays.copyOfRange(names, ARG_BASE, GET_MEMBER+1, Object[].class);
         assert(outArgs[outArgs.length-1] == names[GET_MEMBER]);  // look, shifted args!
@@ -637,18 +637,18 @@
         final int RESULT    = nameCursor-1;  // either the call or the cast
         Name[] names = arguments(nameCursor - ARG_LIMIT, mtype.invokerType());
         if (needsInit)
-            names[INIT_BAR] = new Name(NF_ensureInitialized, names[DMH_THIS]);
+            names[INIT_BAR] = new Name(Lazy.NF_ensureInitialized, names[DMH_THIS]);
         if (needsCast && !isGetter)
-            names[PRE_CAST] = new Name(NF_checkCast, names[DMH_THIS], names[SET_VALUE]);
+            names[PRE_CAST] = new Name(Lazy.NF_checkCast, names[DMH_THIS], names[SET_VALUE]);
         Object[] outArgs = new Object[1 + linkerType.parameterCount()];
         assert(outArgs.length == (isGetter ? 3 : 4));
         outArgs[0] = UNSAFE;
         if (isStatic) {
-            outArgs[1] = names[F_HOLDER]  = new Name(NF_staticBase, names[DMH_THIS]);
-            outArgs[2] = names[F_OFFSET]  = new Name(NF_staticOffset, names[DMH_THIS]);
+            outArgs[1] = names[F_HOLDER]  = new Name(Lazy.NF_staticBase, names[DMH_THIS]);
+            outArgs[2] = names[F_OFFSET]  = new Name(Lazy.NF_staticOffset, names[DMH_THIS]);
         } else {
-            outArgs[1] = names[OBJ_CHECK] = new Name(NF_checkBase, names[OBJ_BASE]);
-            outArgs[2] = names[F_OFFSET]  = new Name(NF_fieldOffset, names[DMH_THIS]);
+            outArgs[1] = names[OBJ_CHECK] = new Name(Lazy.NF_checkBase, names[OBJ_BASE]);
+            outArgs[2] = names[F_OFFSET]  = new Name(Lazy.NF_fieldOffset, names[DMH_THIS]);
         }
         if (!isGetter) {
             outArgs[3] = (needsCast ? names[PRE_CAST] : names[SET_VALUE]);
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@
         for (Object a : outArgs)  assert(a != null);
         names[LINKER_CALL] = new Name(linker, outArgs);
         if (needsCast && isGetter)
-            names[POST_CAST] = new Name(NF_checkCast, names[DMH_THIS], names[LINKER_CALL]);
+            names[POST_CAST] = new Name(Lazy.NF_checkCast, names[DMH_THIS], names[LINKER_CALL]);
         for (Name n : names)  assert(n != null);
         String fieldOrStatic = (isStatic ? "Static" : "Field");
         String lambdaName = (linkerName + fieldOrStatic);  // significant only for debugging
@@ -665,48 +665,54 @@
         return new LambdaForm(lambdaName, ARG_LIMIT, names, RESULT);
     }
 
-    private static final NamedFunction
-            NF_internalMemberName,
-            NF_internalMemberNameEnsureInit,
-            NF_ensureInitialized,
-            NF_fieldOffset,
-            NF_checkBase,
-            NF_staticBase,
-            NF_staticOffset,
-            NF_checkCast,
-            NF_allocateInstance,
-            NF_constructorMethod;
-    static {
-        try {
-            NamedFunction nfs[] = {
-                NF_internalMemberName = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
-                    .getDeclaredMethod("internalMemberName", Object.class)),
-                NF_internalMemberNameEnsureInit = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
-                    .getDeclaredMethod("internalMemberNameEnsureInit", Object.class)),
-                NF_ensureInitialized = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
-                    .getDeclaredMethod("ensureInitialized", Object.class)),
-                NF_fieldOffset = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
-                    .getDeclaredMethod("fieldOffset", Object.class)),
-                NF_checkBase = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
-                    .getDeclaredMethod("checkBase", Object.class)),
-                NF_staticBase = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
-                    .getDeclaredMethod("staticBase", Object.class)),
-                NF_staticOffset = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
-                    .getDeclaredMethod("staticOffset", Object.class)),
-                NF_checkCast = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
-                    .getDeclaredMethod("checkCast", Object.class, Object.class)),
-                NF_allocateInstance = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
-                    .getDeclaredMethod("allocateInstance", Object.class)),
-                NF_constructorMethod = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
-                    .getDeclaredMethod("constructorMethod", Object.class))
-            };
-            for (NamedFunction nf : nfs) {
-                // Each nf must be statically invocable or we get tied up in our bootstraps.
-                assert(InvokerBytecodeGenerator.isStaticallyInvocable(nf.member)) : nf;
-                nf.resolve();
+    /**
+     * Pre-initialized NamedFunctions for bootstrapping purposes.
+     * Factored in an inner class to delay initialization until first usage.
+     */
+    private static class Lazy {
+        static final NamedFunction
+                NF_internalMemberName,
+                NF_internalMemberNameEnsureInit,
+                NF_ensureInitialized,
+                NF_fieldOffset,
+                NF_checkBase,
+                NF_staticBase,
+                NF_staticOffset,
+                NF_checkCast,
+                NF_allocateInstance,
+                NF_constructorMethod;
+        static {
+            try {
+                NamedFunction nfs[] = {
+                        NF_internalMemberName = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
+                                .getDeclaredMethod("internalMemberName", Object.class)),
+                        NF_internalMemberNameEnsureInit = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
+                                .getDeclaredMethod("internalMemberNameEnsureInit", Object.class)),
+                        NF_ensureInitialized = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
+                                .getDeclaredMethod("ensureInitialized", Object.class)),
+                        NF_fieldOffset = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
+                                .getDeclaredMethod("fieldOffset", Object.class)),
+                        NF_checkBase = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
+                                .getDeclaredMethod("checkBase", Object.class)),
+                        NF_staticBase = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
+                                .getDeclaredMethod("staticBase", Object.class)),
+                        NF_staticOffset = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
+                                .getDeclaredMethod("staticOffset", Object.class)),
+                        NF_checkCast = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
+                                .getDeclaredMethod("checkCast", Object.class, Object.class)),
+                        NF_allocateInstance = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
+                                .getDeclaredMethod("allocateInstance", Object.class)),
+                        NF_constructorMethod = new NamedFunction(DirectMethodHandle.class
+                                .getDeclaredMethod("constructorMethod", Object.class))
+                };
+                for (NamedFunction nf : nfs) {
+                    // Each nf must be statically invocable or we get tied up in our bootstraps.
+                    assert(InvokerBytecodeGenerator.isStaticallyInvocable(nf.member)) : nf;
+                    nf.resolve();
+                }
+            } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
+                throw newInternalError(ex);
             }
-        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
-            throw newInternalError(ex);
         }
     }
 }
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/InvokeGeneric.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2009, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
- *
- * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
- * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
- * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
- *
- * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
- * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
- * accompanied this code).
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
- * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
- * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
- *
- * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
- * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
- * questions.
- */
-
-package java.lang.invoke;
-
-import sun.invoke.util.*;
-import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup.IMPL_LOOKUP;
-
-/**
- * Adapters which manage inexact MethodHandle.invoke calls.
- * The JVM calls one of these when the exact type match fails.
- * @author jrose
- */
-class InvokeGeneric {
-    // erased type for the call, which originates from an inexact invoke site
-    private final MethodType erasedCallerType;
-    // an invoker of type (MT, MH; A...) -> R
-    private final MethodHandle initialInvoker;
-
-    /** Compute and cache information for this adapter, so that it can
-     *  call out to targets of the erasure-family of the given erased type.
-     */
-    /*non-public*/ InvokeGeneric(MethodType erasedCallerType) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
-        assert(erasedCallerType.equals(erasedCallerType.erase()));
-        this.erasedCallerType = erasedCallerType;
-        this.initialInvoker = makeInitialInvoker();
-        assert initialInvoker.type().equals(erasedCallerType
-                                            .insertParameterTypes(0, MethodType.class, MethodHandle.class))
-            : initialInvoker.type();
-    }
-
-    private static MethodHandles.Lookup lookup() {
-        return IMPL_LOOKUP;
-    }
-
-    /** Return the adapter information for this type's erasure. */
-    /*non-public*/ static MethodHandle generalInvokerOf(MethodType erasedCallerType) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
-        InvokeGeneric gen = new InvokeGeneric(erasedCallerType);
-        return gen.initialInvoker;
-    }
-
-    private MethodHandle makeInitialInvoker() throws ReflectiveOperationException {
-        // postDispatch = #(MH'; MT, MH; A...){MH'(MT, MH; A)}
-        MethodHandle postDispatch = makePostDispatchInvoker();
-        MethodHandle invoker;
-        if (returnConversionPossible()) {
-            invoker = MethodHandles.foldArguments(postDispatch,
-                                                  dispatcher("dispatchWithConversion"));
-        } else {
-            invoker = MethodHandles.foldArguments(postDispatch, dispatcher("dispatch"));
-        }
-        return invoker;
-    }
-
-    private static final Class<?>[] EXTRA_ARGS = { MethodType.class, MethodHandle.class };
-    private MethodHandle makePostDispatchInvoker() {
-        // Take (MH'; MT, MH; A...) and run MH'(MT, MH; A...).
-        MethodType invokerType = erasedCallerType.insertParameterTypes(0, EXTRA_ARGS);
-        return invokerType.invokers().exactInvoker();
-    }
-    private MethodHandle dropDispatchArguments(MethodHandle targetInvoker) {
-        assert(targetInvoker.type().parameterType(0) == MethodHandle.class);
-        return MethodHandles.dropArguments(targetInvoker, 1, EXTRA_ARGS);
-    }
-
-    private MethodHandle dispatcher(String dispatchName) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
-        return lookup().bind(this, dispatchName,
-                             MethodType.methodType(MethodHandle.class,
-                                                   MethodType.class, MethodHandle.class));
-    }
-
-    static final boolean USE_AS_TYPE_PATH = true;
-
-    /** Return a method handle to invoke on the callerType, target, and remaining arguments.
-     *  The method handle must finish the call.
-     *  This is the first look at the caller type and target.
-     */
-    private MethodHandle dispatch(MethodType callerType, MethodHandle target) {
-        MethodType targetType = target.type();
-        if (USE_AS_TYPE_PATH || target.isVarargsCollector()) {
-            MethodHandle newTarget = target.asType(callerType);
-            targetType = callerType;
-            Invokers invokers = targetType.invokers();
-            MethodHandle invoker = invokers.erasedInvokerWithDrops;
-            if (invoker == null) {
-                invokers.erasedInvokerWithDrops = invoker =
-                    dropDispatchArguments(invokers.erasedInvoker());
-            }
-            return invoker.bindTo(newTarget);
-        }
-        throw new RuntimeException("NYI");
-    }
-
-    private MethodHandle dispatchWithConversion(MethodType callerType, MethodHandle target) {
-        MethodHandle finisher = dispatch(callerType, target);
-        if (returnConversionNeeded(callerType, target))
-            finisher = addReturnConversion(finisher, callerType.returnType());  //FIXME: slow
-        return finisher;
-    }
-
-    private boolean returnConversionPossible() {
-        Class<?> needType = erasedCallerType.returnType();
-        return !needType.isPrimitive();
-    }
-    private boolean returnConversionNeeded(MethodType callerType, MethodHandle target) {
-        Class<?> needType = callerType.returnType();
-        if (needType == erasedCallerType.returnType())
-            return false;  // no conversions possible, since must be primitive or Object
-        Class<?> haveType = target.type().returnType();
-        if (VerifyType.isNullConversion(haveType, needType) && !needType.isInterface())
-            return false;
-        return true;
-    }
-    private MethodHandle addReturnConversion(MethodHandle finisher, Class<?> type) {
-        // FIXME: This is slow because it creates a closure node on every call that requires a return cast.
-        MethodType finisherType = finisher.type();
-        MethodHandle caster = ValueConversions.identity(type);
-        caster = caster.asType(caster.type().changeParameterType(0, finisherType.returnType()));
-        finisher = MethodHandles.filterReturnValue(finisher, caster);
-        return finisher.asType(finisherType);
-    }
-
-    public String toString() {
-        return "InvokeGeneric"+erasedCallerType;
-    }
-}
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/InvokerBytecodeGenerator.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/InvokerBytecodeGenerator.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -242,9 +242,6 @@
 
     /**
      * Extract the MemberName of a newly-defined method.
-     *
-     * @param classFile
-     * @return
      */
     private MemberName loadMethod(byte[] classFile) {
         Class<?> invokerClass = loadAndInitializeInvokerClass(classFile, cpPatches(classFile));
@@ -253,10 +250,6 @@
 
     /**
      * Define a given class as anonymous class in the runtime system.
-     *
-     * @param classBytes
-     * @param patches
-     * @return
      */
     private static Class<?> loadAndInitializeInvokerClass(byte[] classBytes, Object[] patches) {
         Class<?> invokerClass = UNSAFE.defineAnonymousClass(HOST_CLASS, classBytes, patches);
@@ -264,14 +257,6 @@
         return invokerClass;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * TODO
-     *
-     * @param invokerClass
-     * @param name
-     * @param type
-     * @return
-     */
     private static MemberName resolveInvokerMember(Class<?> invokerClass, String name, MethodType type) {
         MemberName member = new MemberName(invokerClass, name, type, REF_invokeStatic);
         //System.out.println("resolveInvokerMember => "+member);
@@ -499,10 +484,6 @@
 
     /**
      * Generate customized bytecode for a given LambdaForm.
-     *
-     * @param form
-     * @param invokerType
-     * @return
      */
     static MemberName generateCustomizedCode(LambdaForm form, MethodType invokerType) {
         InvokerBytecodeGenerator g = new InvokerBytecodeGenerator("MH", form, invokerType);
@@ -565,8 +546,6 @@
 
     /**
      * Emit an invoke for the given name.
-     *
-     * @param name
      */
     void emitInvoke(Name name) {
         if (true) {
@@ -645,8 +624,6 @@
 
     /**
      * Emit an invoke for the given name, using the MemberName directly.
-     *
-     * @param name
      */
     void emitStaticInvoke(MemberName member, Name name) {
         assert(member.equals(name.function.member()));
@@ -690,9 +667,6 @@
 
     /**
      * Check if MemberName is a call to MethodHandleImpl.selectAlternative.
-     *
-     * @param member
-     * @return true if member is a call to MethodHandleImpl.selectAlternative
      */
     private boolean isSelectAlternative(MemberName member) {
         return member != null &&
@@ -704,14 +678,12 @@
      * Emit bytecode for the selectAlternative idiom.
      *
      * The pattern looks like (Cf. MethodHandleImpl.makeGuardWithTest):
-     *
+     * <blockquote><pre>{@code
      *   Lambda(a0:L,a1:I)=>{
      *     t2:I=foo.test(a1:I);
      *     t3:L=MethodHandleImpl.selectAlternative(t2:I,(MethodHandle(int)int),(MethodHandle(int)int));
      *     t4:I=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(t3:L,a1:I);t4:I}
-     *
-     * @param selectAlternativeName
-     * @param invokeBasicName
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      */
     private void emitSelectAlternative(Name selectAlternativeName, Name invokeBasicName) {
         MethodType type = selectAlternativeName.function.methodType();
@@ -750,11 +722,6 @@
         mv.visitLabel(L_done);
     }
 
-    /**
-     *
-     * @param name
-     * @param paramIndex
-     */
     private void emitPushArgument(Name name, int paramIndex) {
         Object arg = name.arguments[paramIndex];
         char ptype = name.function.parameterType(paramIndex);
@@ -923,9 +890,6 @@
 
     /**
      * Generate bytecode for a LambdaForm.vmentry which calls interpretWithArguments.
-     *
-     * @param sig
-     * @return
      */
     static MemberName generateLambdaFormInterpreterEntryPoint(String sig) {
         assert(LambdaForm.isValidSignature(sig));
@@ -993,10 +957,6 @@
 
     /**
      * Generate bytecode for a NamedFunction invoker.
-     *
-     * @param srcType
-     * @param dstType
-     * @return
      */
     static MemberName generateNamedFunctionInvoker(MethodTypeForm typeForm) {
         MethodType invokerType = LambdaForm.NamedFunction.INVOKER_METHOD_TYPE;
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/Invokers.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/Invokers.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 
     // exact invoker for the outgoing call
     private /*lazy*/ MethodHandle exactInvoker;
+    private /*lazy*/ MethodHandle basicInvoker;  // invokeBasic (unchecked exact)
 
     // erased (partially untyped but with primitives) invoker for the outgoing call
     // FIXME: get rid of
@@ -74,21 +75,7 @@
     /*non-public*/ MethodHandle exactInvoker() {
         MethodHandle invoker = exactInvoker;
         if (invoker != null)  return invoker;
-        MethodType mtype = targetType;
-        MethodType invokerType = mtype.invokerType();
-        LambdaForm lform;
-        final int MTYPE_ARG_APPENDED = 1;  // argument count for appended mtype value
-        if (mtype.parameterSlotCount() <= MethodType.MAX_MH_INVOKER_ARITY - MTYPE_ARG_APPENDED) {
-            lform = invokeForm(mtype, false, MethodTypeForm.LF_EX_INVOKER);
-            invoker = BoundMethodHandle.bindSingle(invokerType, lform, mtype);
-        } else {
-            // At maximum arity, we cannot afford an extra mtype argument,
-            // so build a fully customized (non-cached) invoker form.
-            lform = invokeForm(mtype, true, MethodTypeForm.LF_EX_INVOKER);
-            invoker = SimpleMethodHandle.make(invokerType, lform);
-        }
-        invoker = invoker.withInternalMemberName(MemberName.makeMethodHandleInvoke("invokeExact", mtype));
-        assert(checkInvoker(invoker));
+        invoker = makeExactOrGeneralInvoker(true);
         exactInvoker = invoker;
         return invoker;
     }
@@ -96,43 +83,56 @@
     /*non-public*/ MethodHandle generalInvoker() {
         MethodHandle invoker = generalInvoker;
         if (invoker != null)  return invoker;
-        MethodType mtype = targetType;
-        MethodType invokerType = mtype.invokerType();
-        LambdaForm lform;
-        final int MTYPE_ARG_APPENDED = 1;  // argument count for appended mtype value
-        assert(GENERIC_INVOKER_SLOP >= MTYPE_ARG_APPENDED);
-        if (mtype.parameterSlotCount() <= MethodType.MAX_MH_INVOKER_ARITY - GENERIC_INVOKER_SLOP) {
-            prepareForGenericCall(mtype);
-            lform = invokeForm(mtype, false, MethodTypeForm.LF_GEN_INVOKER);
-            invoker = BoundMethodHandle.bindSingle(invokerType, lform, mtype);
-        } else {
-            // At maximum arity, we cannot afford an extra mtype argument,
-            // so build a fully customized (non-cached) invoker form.
-            lform = invokeForm(mtype, true, MethodTypeForm.LF_GEN_INVOKER);
-            invoker = SimpleMethodHandle.make(invokerType, lform);
-        }
-        invoker = invoker.withInternalMemberName(MemberName.makeMethodHandleInvoke("invoke", mtype));
-        assert(checkInvoker(invoker));
+        invoker = makeExactOrGeneralInvoker(false);
         generalInvoker = invoker;
         return invoker;
     }
 
-    /*non-public*/ MethodHandle makeBasicInvoker() {
-        MethodHandle invoker = DirectMethodHandle.make(invokeBasicMethod(targetType));
-        assert(targetType == targetType.basicType());
-        // Note:  This is not cached here.  It is cached by the calling MethodTypeForm.
+    private MethodHandle makeExactOrGeneralInvoker(boolean isExact) {
+        MethodType mtype = targetType;
+        MethodType invokerType = mtype.invokerType();
+        int which = (isExact ? MethodTypeForm.LF_EX_INVOKER : MethodTypeForm.LF_GEN_INVOKER);
+        LambdaForm lform = invokeHandleForm(mtype, false, which);
+        MethodHandle invoker = BoundMethodHandle.bindSingle(invokerType, lform, mtype);
+        String whichName = (isExact ? "invokeExact" : "invoke");
+        invoker = invoker.withInternalMemberName(MemberName.makeMethodHandleInvoke(whichName, mtype));
         assert(checkInvoker(invoker));
+        maybeCompileToBytecode(invoker);
         return invoker;
     }
 
-    static MemberName invokeBasicMethod(MethodType type) {
-        type = type.basicType();
-        String name = "invokeBasic";
+    /** If the target type seems to be common enough, eagerly compile the invoker to bytecodes. */
+    private void maybeCompileToBytecode(MethodHandle invoker) {
+        final int EAGER_COMPILE_ARITY_LIMIT = 10;
+        if (targetType == targetType.erase() &&
+            targetType.parameterCount() < EAGER_COMPILE_ARITY_LIMIT) {
+            invoker.form.compileToBytecode();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*non-public*/ MethodHandle basicInvoker() {
+        MethodHandle invoker = basicInvoker;
+        if (invoker != null)  return invoker;
+        MethodType basicType = targetType.basicType();
+        if (basicType != targetType) {
+            // double cache; not used significantly
+            return basicInvoker = basicType.invokers().basicInvoker();
+        }
+        MemberName method = invokeBasicMethod(basicType);
+        invoker = DirectMethodHandle.make(method);
+        assert(checkInvoker(invoker));
+        basicInvoker = invoker;
+        return invoker;
+    }
+
+    // This next one is called from LambdaForm.NamedFunction.<init>.
+    /*non-public*/ static MemberName invokeBasicMethod(MethodType basicType) {
+        assert(basicType == basicType.basicType());
         try {
             //Lookup.findVirtual(MethodHandle.class, name, type);
-            return IMPL_LOOKUP.resolveOrFail(REF_invokeVirtual, MethodHandle.class, name, type);
+            return IMPL_LOOKUP.resolveOrFail(REF_invokeVirtual, MethodHandle.class, "invokeBasic", basicType);
         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
-            throw newInternalError("JVM cannot find invoker for "+type, ex);
+            throw newInternalError("JVM cannot find invoker for "+basicType, ex);
         }
     }
 
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@
             vaInvoker = MethodHandles.filterArgument(arrayInvoker, 0, makeSpreader);
         }
         assert(vaInvoker.type().equals(spreadInvokerType.invokerType()));
+        maybeCompileToBytecode(vaInvoker);
         spreadInvokers[leadingArgCount] = vaInvoker;
         return vaInvoker;
     }
@@ -231,32 +232,38 @@
         return "Invokers"+targetType;
     }
 
-    static MemberName exactInvokerMethod(MethodType mtype, Object[] appendixResult) {
+    static MemberName methodHandleInvokeLinkerMethod(String name,
+                                                     MethodType mtype,
+                                                     Object[] appendixResult) {
+        int which;
+        switch (name) {
+        case "invokeExact":  which = MethodTypeForm.LF_EX_LINKER; break;
+        case "invoke":       which = MethodTypeForm.LF_GEN_LINKER; break;
+        default:             throw new InternalError("not invoker: "+name);
+        }
         LambdaForm lform;
-        final int MTYPE_ARG_APPENDED = 1;  // argument count for appended mtype value
-        if (mtype.parameterSlotCount() <= MethodType.MAX_MH_ARITY - MTYPE_ARG_APPENDED) {
-            lform = invokeForm(mtype, false, MethodTypeForm.LF_EX_LINKER);
+        if (mtype.parameterSlotCount() <= MethodType.MAX_MH_ARITY - MH_LINKER_ARG_APPENDED) {
+            lform = invokeHandleForm(mtype, false, which);
             appendixResult[0] = mtype;
         } else {
-            lform = invokeForm(mtype, true, MethodTypeForm.LF_EX_LINKER);
+            lform = invokeHandleForm(mtype, true, which);
         }
         return lform.vmentry;
     }
 
-    static MemberName genericInvokerMethod(MethodType mtype, Object[] appendixResult) {
-        LambdaForm lform;
-        final int MTYPE_ARG_APPENDED = 1;  // argument count for appended mtype value
-        if (mtype.parameterSlotCount() <= MethodType.MAX_MH_ARITY - (MTYPE_ARG_APPENDED + GENERIC_INVOKER_SLOP)) {
-            lform = invokeForm(mtype, false, MethodTypeForm.LF_GEN_LINKER);
-            appendixResult[0] = mtype;
-            prepareForGenericCall(mtype);
-        } else {
-            lform = invokeForm(mtype, true, MethodTypeForm.LF_GEN_LINKER);
-        }
-        return lform.vmentry;
-    }
+    // argument count to account for trailing "appendix value" (typically the mtype)
+    private static final int MH_LINKER_ARG_APPENDED = 1;
 
-    private static LambdaForm invokeForm(MethodType mtype, boolean customized, int which) {
+    /** Returns an adapter for invokeExact or generic invoke, as a MH or constant pool linker.
+     * If !customized, caller is responsible for supplying, during adapter execution,
+     * a copy of the exact mtype.  This is because the adapter might be generalized to
+     * a basic type.
+     * @param mtype the caller's method type (either basic or full-custom)
+     * @param customized whether to use a trailing appendix argument (to carry the mtype)
+     * @param which bit-encoded 0x01 whether it is a CP adapter ("linker") or MHs.invoker value ("invoker");
+     *                          0x02 whether it is for invokeExact or generic invoke
+     */
+    private static LambdaForm invokeHandleForm(MethodType mtype, boolean customized, int which) {
         boolean isCached;
         if (!customized) {
             mtype = mtype.basicType();  // normalize Z to I, String to Object, etc.
@@ -301,41 +308,24 @@
                 : Arrays.asList(mtype, customized, which, nameCursor, names.length);
         if (MTYPE_ARG >= INARG_LIMIT) {
             assert(names[MTYPE_ARG] == null);
-            names[MTYPE_ARG] = BoundMethodHandle.getSpeciesData("L").getterName(names[THIS_MH], 0);
+            NamedFunction getter = BoundMethodHandle.getSpeciesData("L").getterFunction(0);
+            names[MTYPE_ARG] = new Name(getter, names[THIS_MH]);
             // else if isLinker, then MTYPE is passed in from the caller (e.g., the JVM)
         }
 
         // Make the final call.  If isGeneric, then prepend the result of type checking.
-        MethodType outCallType;
-        Object[] outArgs;
+        MethodType outCallType = mtype.basicType();
+        Object[] outArgs = Arrays.copyOfRange(names, CALL_MH, OUTARG_LIMIT, Object[].class);
         Object mtypeArg = (customized ? mtype : names[MTYPE_ARG]);
         if (!isGeneric) {
             names[CHECK_TYPE] = new Name(NF_checkExactType, names[CALL_MH], mtypeArg);
             // mh.invokeExact(a*):R => checkExactType(mh, TYPEOF(a*:R)); mh.invokeBasic(a*)
-            outArgs = Arrays.copyOfRange(names, CALL_MH, OUTARG_LIMIT, Object[].class);
-            outCallType = mtype;
-        } else if (customized) {
-            names[CHECK_TYPE] = new Name(NF_asType, names[CALL_MH], mtypeArg);
-            // mh.invokeGeneric(a*):R =>
-            //  let mt=TYPEOF(a*:R), tmh=asType(mh, mt);
-            //    tmh.invokeBasic(a*)
-            outArgs = Arrays.copyOfRange(names, CALL_MH, OUTARG_LIMIT, Object[].class);
-            outCallType = mtype;
         } else {
             names[CHECK_TYPE] = new Name(NF_checkGenericType, names[CALL_MH], mtypeArg);
-            // mh.invokeGeneric(a*):R =>
-            //  let mt=TYPEOF(a*:R), gamh=checkGenericType(mh, mt);
-            //    gamh.invokeBasic(mt, mh, a*)
-            final int PREPEND_GAMH = 0, PREPEND_MT = 1, PREPEND_COUNT = 2;
-            assert(GENERIC_INVOKER_SLOP == PREPEND_COUNT);
-            outArgs = Arrays.copyOfRange(names, CALL_MH, OUTARG_LIMIT + PREPEND_COUNT, Object[].class);
-            // prepend arguments:
-            System.arraycopy(outArgs, 0, outArgs, PREPEND_COUNT, outArgs.length - PREPEND_COUNT);
-            outArgs[PREPEND_GAMH] = names[CHECK_TYPE];
-            outArgs[PREPEND_MT] = mtypeArg;
-            outCallType = mtype.insertParameterTypes(0, MethodType.class, MethodHandle.class);
+            // mh.invokeGeneric(a*):R => checkGenericType(mh, TYPEOF(a*:R)).invokeBasic(a*)
+            outArgs[0] = names[CHECK_TYPE];
         }
-        names[LINKER_CALL] = new Name(invokeBasicMethod(outCallType), outArgs);
+        names[LINKER_CALL] = new Name(outCallType, outArgs);
         lform = new LambdaForm(debugName, INARG_LIMIT, names);
         if (isLinker)
             lform.compileToBytecode();  // JVM needs a real methodOop
@@ -343,7 +333,6 @@
             lform = mtype.form().setCachedLambdaForm(which, lform);
         return lform;
     }
-    private static final int GENERIC_INVOKER_SLOP = 2;  // used elsewhere to avoid arity problems
 
     /*non-public*/ static
     WrongMethodTypeException newWrongMethodTypeException(MethodType actual, MethodType expected) {
@@ -362,47 +351,53 @@
             throw newWrongMethodTypeException(expected, actual);
     }
 
-    /** Static definition of MethodHandle.invokeGeneric checking code. */
+    /** Static definition of MethodHandle.invokeGeneric checking code.
+     * Directly returns the type-adjusted MH to invoke, as follows:
+     * {@code (R)MH.invoke(a*) => MH.asType(TYPEOF(a*:R)).invokeBasic(a*)}
+     */
     /*non-public*/ static
     @ForceInline
     Object checkGenericType(Object mhObj, Object expectedObj) {
         MethodHandle mh = (MethodHandle) mhObj;
         MethodType expected = (MethodType) expectedObj;
-        //MethodType actual = mh.type();
-        MethodHandle gamh = expected.form().genericInvoker;
-        if (gamh != null)  return gamh;
-        return prepareForGenericCall(expected);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns an adapter GA for invoking a MH with type adjustments.
-     * The MethodType of the generic invocation site is prepended to MH
-     * and its arguments as follows:
-     * {@code (R)MH.invoke(A*) => GA.invokeBasic(TYPEOF<A*,R>, MH, A*)}
-     */
-    /*non-public*/ static MethodHandle prepareForGenericCall(MethodType mtype) {
-        // force any needed adapters to be preconstructed
-        MethodTypeForm form = mtype.form();
-        MethodHandle gamh = form.genericInvoker;
-        if (gamh != null)  return gamh;
-        try {
-            // Trigger adapter creation.
-            gamh = InvokeGeneric.generalInvokerOf(form.erasedType);
-            form.genericInvoker = gamh;
-            return gamh;
-        } catch (Exception ex) {
-            throw newInternalError("Exception while resolving inexact invoke", ex);
-        }
+        if (mh.type() == expected)  return mh;
+        MethodHandle atc = mh.asTypeCache;
+        if (atc != null && atc.type() == expected)  return atc;
+        return mh.asType(expected);
+        /* Maybe add more paths here.  Possible optimizations:
+         * for (R)MH.invoke(a*),
+         * let MT0 = TYPEOF(a*:R), MT1 = MH.type
+         *
+         * if MT0==MT1 or MT1 can be safely called by MT0
+         *  => MH.invokeBasic(a*)
+         * if MT1 can be safely called by MT0[R := Object]
+         *  => MH.invokeBasic(a*) & checkcast(R)
+         * if MT1 can be safely called by MT0[* := Object]
+         *  => checkcast(A)* & MH.invokeBasic(a*) & checkcast(R)
+         * if a big adapter BA can be pulled out of (MT0,MT1)
+         *  => BA.invokeBasic(MT0,MH,a*)
+         * if a local adapter LA can cached on static CS0 = new GICS(MT0)
+         *  => CS0.LA.invokeBasic(MH,a*)
+         * else
+         *  => MH.asType(MT0).invokeBasic(A*)
+         */
     }
 
     static MemberName linkToCallSiteMethod(MethodType mtype) {
-        LambdaForm lform = callSiteForm(mtype);
+        LambdaForm lform = callSiteForm(mtype, false);
         return lform.vmentry;
     }
 
-    private static LambdaForm callSiteForm(MethodType mtype) {
+    static MemberName linkToTargetMethod(MethodType mtype) {
+        LambdaForm lform = callSiteForm(mtype, true);
+        return lform.vmentry;
+    }
+
+    // skipCallSite is true if we are optimizing a ConstantCallSite
+    private static LambdaForm callSiteForm(MethodType mtype, boolean skipCallSite) {
         mtype = mtype.basicType();  // normalize Z to I, String to Object, etc.
-        LambdaForm lform = mtype.form().cachedLambdaForm(MethodTypeForm.LF_CS_LINKER);
+        final int which = (skipCallSite ? MethodTypeForm.LF_MH_LINKER : MethodTypeForm.LF_CS_LINKER);
+        LambdaForm lform = mtype.form().cachedLambdaForm(which);
         if (lform != null)  return lform;
         // exactInvokerForm (Object,Object)Object
         //   link with java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle.invokeBasic(MethodHandle,Object,Object)Object/invokeSpecial
@@ -410,24 +405,26 @@
         final int OUTARG_LIMIT = ARG_BASE + mtype.parameterCount();
         final int INARG_LIMIT  = OUTARG_LIMIT + 1;
         int nameCursor = OUTARG_LIMIT;
-        final int CSITE_ARG    = nameCursor++;  // the last in-argument
-        final int CALL_MH      = nameCursor++;  // result of getTarget
+        final int APPENDIX_ARG = nameCursor++;  // the last in-argument
+        final int CSITE_ARG    = skipCallSite ? -1 : APPENDIX_ARG;
+        final int CALL_MH      = skipCallSite ? APPENDIX_ARG : nameCursor++;  // result of getTarget
         final int LINKER_CALL  = nameCursor++;
-        MethodType invokerFormType = mtype.appendParameterTypes(CallSite.class);
+        MethodType invokerFormType = mtype.appendParameterTypes(skipCallSite ? MethodHandle.class : CallSite.class);
         Name[] names = arguments(nameCursor - INARG_LIMIT, invokerFormType);
         assert(names.length == nameCursor);
-        assert(names[CSITE_ARG] != null);
-        names[CALL_MH] = new Name(NF_getCallSiteTarget, names[CSITE_ARG]);
+        assert(names[APPENDIX_ARG] != null);
+        if (!skipCallSite)
+            names[CALL_MH] = new Name(NF_getCallSiteTarget, names[CSITE_ARG]);
         // (site.)invokedynamic(a*):R => mh = site.getTarget(); mh.invokeBasic(a*)
         final int PREPEND_MH = 0, PREPEND_COUNT = 1;
         Object[] outArgs = Arrays.copyOfRange(names, ARG_BASE, OUTARG_LIMIT + PREPEND_COUNT, Object[].class);
         // prepend MH argument:
         System.arraycopy(outArgs, 0, outArgs, PREPEND_COUNT, outArgs.length - PREPEND_COUNT);
         outArgs[PREPEND_MH] = names[CALL_MH];
-        names[LINKER_CALL] = new Name(invokeBasicMethod(mtype), outArgs);
-        lform = new LambdaForm("linkToCallSite", INARG_LIMIT, names);
+        names[LINKER_CALL] = new Name(mtype, outArgs);
+        lform = new LambdaForm((skipCallSite ? "linkToTargetMethod" : "linkToCallSite"), INARG_LIMIT, names);
         lform.compileToBytecode();  // JVM needs a real methodOop
-        lform = mtype.form().setCachedLambdaForm(MethodTypeForm.LF_CS_LINKER, lform);
+        lform = mtype.form().setCachedLambdaForm(which, lform);
         return lform;
     }
 
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
  * The result of the lambda is defined as one of the names, often the last one.
  * <p>
  * Here is an approximate grammar:
- * <pre>
+ * <blockquote><pre>{@code
  * LambdaForm = "(" ArgName* ")=>{" TempName* Result "}"
  * ArgName = "a" N ":" T
  * TempName = "t" N ":" T "=" Function "(" Argument* ");"
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
  * NameRef = "a" N | "t" N
  * N = (any whole number)
  * T = "L" | "I" | "J" | "F" | "D" | "V"
- * </pre>
+ * }</pre></blockquote>
  * Names are numbered consecutively from left to right starting at zero.
  * (The letters are merely a taste of syntax sugar.)
  * Thus, the first temporary (if any) is always numbered N (where N=arity).
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
  * A lambda has a void result if and only if its result index is -1.
  * If a temporary has the type "V", it cannot be the subject of a NameRef,
  * even though possesses a number.
- * Note that all reference types are erased to "L", which stands for {@code Object).
+ * Note that all reference types are erased to "L", which stands for {@code Object}.
  * All subword types (boolean, byte, short, char) are erased to "I" which is {@code int}.
  * The other types stand for the usual primitive types.
  * <p>
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
  * encoded by using temporary expressions which call type-transformed identity functions.
  * <p>
  * Examples:
- * <pre>
+ * <blockquote><pre>{@code
  * (a0:J)=>{ a0 }
  *     == identity(long)
  * (a0:I)=>{ t1:V = System.out#println(a0); void }
@@ -113,14 +113,14 @@
  * (a0:L, a1:L)=>{ t2:L = BoundMethodHandle#argument(a0);
  *                 t3:L = Class#cast(t2,a1); t3 }
  *     == invoker for identity method handle which performs cast
- * </pre>
+ * }</pre></blockquote>
  * <p>
  * @author John Rose, JSR 292 EG
  */
 class LambdaForm {
     final int arity;
     final int result;
-    final Name[] names;
+    @Stable final Name[] names;
     final String debugName;
     MemberName vmentry;   // low-level behavior, or null if not yet prepared
     private boolean isCompiled;
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@
             isCompiled = true;
             return vmentry;
         } catch (Error | Exception ex) {
-            throw newInternalError(this.toString(), ex);
+            throw newInternalError("compileToBytecode", ex);
         }
     }
 
@@ -683,8 +683,9 @@
     */
 
     static void traceInterpreter(String event, Object obj, Object... args) {
-        if (!TRACE_INTERPRETER)  return;
-        System.out.println("LFI: "+event+" "+(obj != null ? obj : "")+(args != null && args.length != 0 ? Arrays.asList(args) : ""));
+        if (TRACE_INTERPRETER) {
+            System.out.println("LFI: "+event+" "+(obj != null ? obj : "")+(args != null && args.length != 0 ? Arrays.asList(args) : ""));
+        }
     }
     static void traceInterpreter(String event, Object obj) {
         traceInterpreter(event, obj, (Object[])null);
@@ -971,8 +972,8 @@
 
     static class NamedFunction {
         final MemberName member;
-        MethodHandle resolvedHandle;
-        MethodHandle invoker;
+        @Stable MethodHandle resolvedHandle;
+        @Stable MethodHandle invoker;
 
         NamedFunction(MethodHandle resolvedHandle) {
             this(resolvedHandle.internalMemberName(), resolvedHandle);
@@ -982,6 +983,16 @@
             //resolvedHandle = eraseSubwordTypes(resolvedHandle);
             this.resolvedHandle = resolvedHandle;
         }
+        NamedFunction(MethodType basicInvokerType) {
+            assert(basicInvokerType == basicInvokerType.basicType()) : basicInvokerType;
+            if (basicInvokerType.parameterSlotCount() < MethodType.MAX_MH_INVOKER_ARITY) {
+                this.resolvedHandle = basicInvokerType.invokers().basicInvoker();
+                this.member = resolvedHandle.internalMemberName();
+            } else {
+                // necessary to pass BigArityTest
+                this.member = Invokers.invokeBasicMethod(basicInvokerType);
+            }
+        }
 
         // The next 3 constructors are used to break circular dependencies on MH.invokeStatic, etc.
         // Any LambdaForm containing such a member is not interpretable.
@@ -1229,7 +1240,7 @@
         }
 
         public String toString() {
-            if (member == null)  return resolvedHandle.toString();
+            if (member == null)  return String.valueOf(resolvedHandle);
             return member.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName()+"."+member.getName();
         }
     }
@@ -1267,7 +1278,7 @@
         final char type;
         private short index;
         final NamedFunction function;
-        final Object[] arguments;
+        @Stable final Object[] arguments;
 
         private Name(int index, char type, NamedFunction function, Object[] arguments) {
             this.index = (short)index;
@@ -1279,6 +1290,10 @@
         Name(MethodHandle function, Object... arguments) {
             this(new NamedFunction(function), arguments);
         }
+        Name(MethodType functionType, Object... arguments) {
+            this(new NamedFunction(functionType), arguments);
+            assert(arguments[0] instanceof Name && ((Name)arguments[0]).type == 'L');
+        }
         Name(MemberName function, Object... arguments) {
             this(new NamedFunction(function), arguments);
         }
@@ -1426,8 +1441,6 @@
          * Does this Name precede the given binding node in some canonical order?
          * This predicate is used to order data bindings (via insertion sort)
          * with some stability.
-         * @param binding
-         * @return
          */
         boolean isSiblingBindingBefore(Name binding) {
             assert(!binding.isParam());
@@ -1622,4 +1635,12 @@
  */
 
     static { NamedFunction.initializeInvokers(); }
+
+    // The following hack is necessary in order to suppress TRACE_INTERPRETER
+    // during execution of the static initializes of this class.
+    // Turning on TRACE_INTERPRETER too early will cause
+    // stack overflows and other misbehavior during attempts to trace events
+    // that occur during LambdaForm.<clinit>.
+    // Therefore, do not move this line higher in this file, and do not remove.
+    private static final boolean TRACE_INTERPRETER = MethodHandleStatics.TRACE_INTERPRETER;
 }
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MemberName.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MemberName.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -70,13 +70,13 @@
  * @author jrose
  */
 /*non-public*/ final class MemberName implements Member, Cloneable {
-    private Class<?>   clazz;       // class in which the method is defined
-    private String     name;        // may be null if not yet materialized
-    private Object     type;        // may be null if not yet materialized
-    private int        flags;       // modifier bits; see reflect.Modifier
+    private Class<?> clazz;       // class in which the method is defined
+    private String   name;        // may be null if not yet materialized
+    private Object   type;        // may be null if not yet materialized
+    private int      flags;       // modifier bits; see reflect.Modifier
     //@Injected JVM_Method* vmtarget;
     //@Injected int         vmindex;
-    private Object     resolution;  // if null, this guy is resolved
+    private Object   resolution;  // if null, this guy is resolved
 
     /** Return the declaring class of this member.
      *  In the case of a bare name and type, the declaring class will be null.
@@ -98,7 +98,9 @@
     public String getName() {
         if (name == null) {
             expandFromVM();
-            if (name == null)  return null;
+            if (name == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
         }
         return name;
     }
@@ -119,28 +121,39 @@
     public MethodType getMethodType() {
         if (type == null) {
             expandFromVM();
-            if (type == null)  return null;
+            if (type == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!isInvocable()) {
+            throw newIllegalArgumentException("not invocable, no method type");
         }
-        if (!isInvocable())
-            throw newIllegalArgumentException("not invocable, no method type");
-        if (type instanceof MethodType) {
-            return (MethodType) type;
+
+        {
+            // Get a snapshot of type which doesn't get changed by racing threads.
+            final Object type = this.type;
+            if (type instanceof MethodType) {
+                return (MethodType) type;
+            }
         }
-        if (type instanceof String) {
-            String sig = (String) type;
-            MethodType res = MethodType.fromMethodDescriptorString(sig, getClassLoader());
-            this.type = res;
-            return res;
+
+        // type is not a MethodType yet.  Convert it thread-safely.
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (type instanceof String) {
+                String sig = (String) type;
+                MethodType res = MethodType.fromMethodDescriptorString(sig, getClassLoader());
+                type = res;
+            } else if (type instanceof Object[]) {
+                Object[] typeInfo = (Object[]) type;
+                Class<?>[] ptypes = (Class<?>[]) typeInfo[1];
+                Class<?> rtype = (Class<?>) typeInfo[0];
+                MethodType res = MethodType.methodType(rtype, ptypes);
+                type = res;
+            }
+            // Make sure type is a MethodType for racing threads.
+            assert type instanceof MethodType : "bad method type " + type;
         }
-        if (type instanceof Object[]) {
-            Object[] typeInfo = (Object[]) type;
-            Class<?>[] ptypes = (Class<?>[]) typeInfo[1];
-            Class<?> rtype = (Class<?>) typeInfo[0];
-            MethodType res = MethodType.methodType(rtype, ptypes);
-            this.type = res;
-            return res;
-        }
-        throw new InternalError("bad method type "+type);
+        return (MethodType) type;
     }
 
     /** Return the actual type under which this method or constructor must be invoked.
@@ -173,21 +186,34 @@
     public Class<?> getFieldType() {
         if (type == null) {
             expandFromVM();
-            if (type == null)  return null;
+            if (type == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
         }
-        if (isInvocable())
+        if (isInvocable()) {
             throw newIllegalArgumentException("not a field or nested class, no simple type");
-        if (type instanceof Class<?>) {
-            return (Class<?>) type;
         }
-        if (type instanceof String) {
-            String sig = (String) type;
-            MethodType mtype = MethodType.fromMethodDescriptorString("()"+sig, getClassLoader());
-            Class<?> res = mtype.returnType();
-            this.type = res;
-            return res;
+
+        {
+            // Get a snapshot of type which doesn't get changed by racing threads.
+            final Object type = this.type;
+            if (type instanceof Class<?>) {
+                return (Class<?>) type;
+            }
         }
-        throw new InternalError("bad field type "+type);
+
+        // type is not a Class yet.  Convert it thread-safely.
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (type instanceof String) {
+                String sig = (String) type;
+                MethodType mtype = MethodType.fromMethodDescriptorString("()"+sig, getClassLoader());
+                Class<?> res = mtype.returnType();
+                type = res;
+            }
+            // Make sure type is a Class for racing threads.
+            assert type instanceof Class<?> : "bad field type " + type;
+        }
+        return (Class<?>) type;
     }
 
     /** Utility method to produce either the method type or field type of this member. */
@@ -201,10 +227,10 @@
     public String getSignature() {
         if (type == null) {
             expandFromVM();
-            if (type == null)  return null;
+            if (type == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
         }
-        if (type instanceof String)
-            return (String) type;
         if (isInvocable())
             return BytecodeDescriptor.unparse(getMethodType());
         else
@@ -463,10 +489,17 @@
         //assert(referenceKindIsConsistent());  // do this after resolution
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Calls down to the VM to fill in the fields.  This method is
+     * synchronized to avoid racing calls.
+     */
     private void expandFromVM() {
-        if (!isResolved())  return;
-        if (type instanceof Object[])
-            type = null;  // don't saddle JVM w/ typeInfo
+        if (type != null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!isResolved()) {
+            return;
+        }
         MethodHandleNatives.expand(this);
     }
 
@@ -523,6 +556,9 @@
         }
         throw new IllegalArgumentException(this.toString());
     }
+    /** If this MN is not REF_newInvokeSpecial, return a clone with that ref. kind.
+     *  In that case it must already be REF_invokeSpecial.
+     */
     public MemberName asConstructor() {
         switch (getReferenceKind()) {
         case REF_invokeSpecial:     return clone().changeReferenceKind(REF_newInvokeSpecial, REF_invokeSpecial);
@@ -530,6 +566,32 @@
         }
         throw new IllegalArgumentException(this.toString());
     }
+    /** If this MN is a REF_invokeSpecial, return a clone with the "normal" kind
+     *  REF_invokeVirtual; also switch either to REF_invokeInterface if clazz.isInterface.
+     *  The end result is to get a fully virtualized version of the MN.
+     *  (Note that resolving in the JVM will sometimes devirtualize, changing
+     *  REF_invokeVirtual of a final to REF_invokeSpecial, and REF_invokeInterface
+     *  in some corner cases to either of the previous two; this transform
+     *  undoes that change under the assumption that it occurred.)
+     */
+    public MemberName asNormalOriginal() {
+        byte normalVirtual = clazz.isInterface() ? REF_invokeInterface : REF_invokeVirtual;
+        byte refKind = getReferenceKind();
+        byte newRefKind = refKind;
+        MemberName result = this;
+        switch (refKind) {
+        case REF_invokeInterface:
+        case REF_invokeVirtual:
+        case REF_invokeSpecial:
+            newRefKind = normalVirtual;
+            break;
+        }
+        if (newRefKind == refKind)
+            return this;
+        result = clone().changeReferenceKind(newRefKind, refKind);
+        assert(this.referenceKindIsConsistentWith(result.getReferenceKind()));
+        return result;
+    }
     /** Create a name for the given reflected constructor.  The resulting name will be in a resolved state. */
     @SuppressWarnings("LeakingThisInConstructor")
     public MemberName(Constructor<?> ctor) {
@@ -627,7 +689,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public int hashCode() {
-        return Objects.hash(clazz, flags, name, getType());
+        return Objects.hash(clazz, getReferenceKind(), name, getType());
     }
     @Override
     public boolean equals(Object that) {
@@ -643,13 +705,14 @@
         if (this == that)  return true;
         if (that == null)  return false;
         return this.clazz == that.clazz
-                && this.flags == that.flags
+                && this.getReferenceKind() == that.getReferenceKind()
                 && Objects.equals(this.name, that.name)
                 && Objects.equals(this.getType(), that.getType());
     }
 
     // Construction from symbolic parts, for queries:
-    /** Create a field or type name from the given components:  Declaring class, name, type, reference kind.
+    /** Create a field or type name from the given components:
+     *  Declaring class, name, type, reference kind.
      *  The declaring class may be supplied as null if this is to be a bare name and type.
      *  The resulting name will in an unresolved state.
      */
@@ -673,21 +736,34 @@
      *  The resulting name will in an unresolved state.
      */
     public MemberName(Class<?> defClass, String name, MethodType type, byte refKind) {
-        @SuppressWarnings("LocalVariableHidesMemberVariable")
-        int flags = (name != null && name.equals(CONSTRUCTOR_NAME) ? IS_CONSTRUCTOR : IS_METHOD);
-        init(defClass, name, type, flagsMods(flags, 0, refKind));
+        int initFlags = (name != null && name.equals(CONSTRUCTOR_NAME) ? IS_CONSTRUCTOR : IS_METHOD);
+        init(defClass, name, type, flagsMods(initFlags, 0, refKind));
         initResolved(false);
     }
-//    /** Create a method or constructor name from the given components:  Declaring class, name, type, modifiers.
-//     *  It will be a constructor if and only if the name is {@code "&lt;init&gt;"}.
-//     *  The declaring class may be supplied as null if this is to be a bare name and type.
-//     *  The modifier flags default to zero.
-//     *  The resulting name will in an unresolved state.
-//     */
-//    public MemberName(Class<?> defClass, String name, MethodType type, Void unused) {
-//        this(defClass, name, type, REF_NONE);
-//    }
-
+    /** Create a method, constructor, or field name from the given components:
+     *  Reference kind, declaring class, name, type.
+     */
+    public MemberName(byte refKind, Class<?> defClass, String name, Object type) {
+        int kindFlags;
+        if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsField(refKind)) {
+            kindFlags = IS_FIELD;
+            if (!(type instanceof Class))
+                throw newIllegalArgumentException("not a field type");
+        } else if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsMethod(refKind)) {
+            kindFlags = IS_METHOD;
+            if (!(type instanceof MethodType))
+                throw newIllegalArgumentException("not a method type");
+        } else if (refKind == REF_newInvokeSpecial) {
+            kindFlags = IS_CONSTRUCTOR;
+            if (!(type instanceof MethodType) ||
+                !CONSTRUCTOR_NAME.equals(name))
+                throw newIllegalArgumentException("not a constructor type or name");
+        } else {
+            throw newIllegalArgumentException("bad reference kind "+refKind);
+        }
+        init(defClass, name, type, flagsMods(kindFlags, 0, refKind));
+        initResolved(false);
+    }
     /** Query whether this member name is resolved to a non-static, non-final method.
      */
     public boolean hasReceiverTypeDispatch() {
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
  * generates a single invokevirtual instruction with
  * the symbolic type descriptor indicated in the following comment.
  * In these examples, the helper method {@code assertEquals} is assumed to
- * be a method which calls {@link java.util.Objects#equals(Object,Object) Objects.equals }
+ * be a method which calls {@link java.util.Objects#equals(Object,Object) Objects.equals}
  * on its arguments, and asserts that the result is true.
  *
  * <h1>Exceptions</h1>
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@
  * Java types.
  * <ul>
  * <li>Method types range over all possible arities,
- * from no arguments to up to 255 of arguments (a limit imposed by the JVM).
+ * from no arguments to up to the  <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">maximum number</a> of allowed arguments.
  * Generics are not variadic, and so cannot represent this.</li>
  * <li>Method types can specify arguments of primitive types,
  * which Java generic types cannot range over.</li>
@@ -402,6 +402,22 @@
  * genericity with a Java type parameter.</li>
  * </ul>
  *
+ * <h1><a name="maxarity"></a>Arity limits</h1>
+ * The JVM imposes on all methods and constructors of any kind an absolute
+ * limit of 255 stacked arguments.  This limit can appear more restrictive
+ * in certain cases:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>A {@code long} or {@code double} argument counts (for purposes of arity limits) as two argument slots.
+ * <li>A non-static method consumes an extra argument for the object on which the method is called.
+ * <li>A constructor consumes an extra argument for the object which is being constructed.
+ * <li>Since a method handle&rsquo;s {@code invoke} method (or other signature-polymorphic method) is non-virtual,
+ *     it consumes an extra argument for the method handle itself, in addition to any non-virtual receiver object.
+ * </ul>
+ * These limits imply that certain method handles cannot be created, solely because of the JVM limit on stacked arguments.
+ * For example, if a static JVM method accepts exactly 255 arguments, a method handle cannot be created for it.
+ * Attempts to create method handles with impossible method types lead to an {@link IllegalArgumentException}.
+ * In particular, a method handle&rsquo;s type must not have an arity of the exact maximum 255.
+ *
  * @see MethodType
  * @see MethodHandles
  * @author John Rose, JSR 292 EG
@@ -420,6 +436,8 @@
     private final MethodType type;
     /*private*/ final LambdaForm form;
     // form is not private so that invokers can easily fetch it
+    /*private*/ MethodHandle asTypeCache;
+    // asTypeCache is not private so that invokers can easily fetch it
 
     /**
      * Reports the type of this method handle.
@@ -557,10 +575,10 @@
     /*non-public*/ static native @PolymorphicSignature Object linkToInterface(Object... args) throws Throwable;
 
     /**
-     * Performs a variable arity invocation, passing the arguments in the given array
+     * Performs a variable arity invocation, passing the arguments in the given list
      * to the method handle, as if via an inexact {@link #invoke invoke} from a call site
      * which mentions only the type {@code Object}, and whose arity is the length
-     * of the argument array.
+     * of the argument list.
      * <p>
      * Specifically, execution proceeds as if by the following steps,
      * although the methods are not guaranteed to be called if the JVM
@@ -590,10 +608,10 @@
      * or forced to null if the return type is void.
      * <p>
      * This call is equivalent to the following code:
-     * <p><blockquote><pre>
+     * <p><blockquote><pre>{@code
      * MethodHandle invoker = MethodHandles.spreadInvoker(this.type(), 0);
      * Object result = invoker.invokeExact(this, arguments);
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      * <p>
      * Unlike the signature polymorphic methods {@code invokeExact} and {@code invoke},
      * {@code invokeWithArguments} can be accessed normally via the Core Reflection API and JNI.
@@ -626,7 +644,7 @@
      * <p>
      * This method is also equivalent to the following code:
      * <p><blockquote><pre>
-     * {@link #invokeWithArguments(Object...) invokeWithArguments}(arguments.toArray())
+     * {@link #invokeWithArguments(Object...) invokeWithArguments}{@code(arguments.toArray())}
      * </pre></blockquote>
      *
      * @param arguments the arguments to pass to the target
@@ -739,10 +757,24 @@
      * @see MethodHandles#explicitCastArguments
      */
     public MethodHandle asType(MethodType newType) {
-        if (!type.isConvertibleTo(newType)) {
+        // Fast path alternative to a heavyweight {@code asType} call.
+        // Return 'this' if the conversion will be a no-op.
+        if (newType == type) {
+            return this;
+        }
+        // Return 'this.asTypeCache' if the conversion is already memoized.
+        MethodHandle atc = asTypeCache;
+        if (atc != null && newType == atc.type) {
+            return atc;
+        }
+        return asTypeUncached(newType);
+    }
+
+    /** Override this to change asType behavior. */
+    /*non-public*/ MethodHandle asTypeUncached(MethodType newType) {
+        if (!type.isConvertibleTo(newType))
             throw new WrongMethodTypeException("cannot convert "+this+" to "+newType);
-        }
-        return convertArguments(newType);
+        return asTypeCache = convertArguments(newType);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -772,6 +804,10 @@
      * to the target method handle.
      * (The array may also be null when zero elements are required.)
      * <p>
+     * If, when the adapter is called, the supplied array argument does
+     * not have the correct number of elements, the adapter will throw
+     * an {@link IllegalArgumentException} instead of invoking the target.
+     * <p>
      * Here are some simple examples of array-spreading method handles:
      * <blockquote><pre>{@code
 MethodHandle equals = publicLookup()
@@ -782,6 +818,12 @@
 MethodHandle eq2 = equals.asSpreader(Object[].class, 2);
 assert( (boolean) eq2.invokeExact(new Object[]{ "me", "me" }));
 assert(!(boolean) eq2.invokeExact(new Object[]{ "me", "thee" }));
+// try to spread from anything but a 2-array:
+for (int n = 0; n <= 10; n++) {
+  Object[] badArityArgs = (n == 2 ? null : new Object[n]);
+  try { assert((boolean) eq2.invokeExact(badArityArgs) && false); }
+  catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { } // OK
+}
 // spread both arguments from a String array:
 MethodHandle eq2s = equals.asSpreader(String[].class, 2);
 assert( (boolean) eq2s.invokeExact(new String[]{ "me", "me" }));
@@ -815,10 +857,12 @@
      * @return a new method handle which spreads its final array argument,
      *         before calling the original method handle
      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code arrayType} is a null reference
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code arrayType} is not an array type
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if target does not have at least
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code arrayType} is not an array type,
+     *         or if target does not have at least
      *         {@code arrayLength} parameter types,
-     *         or if {@code arrayLength} is negative
+     *         or if {@code arrayLength} is negative,
+     *         or if the resulting method handle's type would have
+     *         <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">too many parameters</a>
      * @throws WrongMethodTypeException if the implied {@code asType} call fails
      * @see #asCollector
      */
@@ -931,7 +975,9 @@
      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code arrayType} is a null reference
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code arrayType} is not an array type
      *         or {@code arrayType} is not assignable to this method handle's trailing parameter type,
-     *         or {@code arrayLength} is not a legal array size
+     *         or {@code arrayLength} is not a legal array size,
+     *         or the resulting method handle's type would have
+     *         <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">too many parameters</a>
      * @throws WrongMethodTypeException if the implied {@code asType} call fails
      * @see #asSpreader
      * @see #asVarargsCollector
@@ -1226,9 +1272,9 @@
      * starting with the string {@code "MethodHandle"} and
      * ending with the string representation of the method handle's type.
      * In other words, this method returns a string equal to the value of:
-     * <blockquote><pre>
+     * <blockquote><pre>{@code
      * "MethodHandle" + type().toString()
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      * <p>
      * (<em>Note:</em>  Future releases of this API may add further information
      * to the string representation.
@@ -1285,6 +1331,11 @@
     }
 
     /*non-public*/
+    Class<?> internalCallerClass() {
+        return null;  // caller-bound MH for @CallerSensitive method returns caller
+    }
+
+    /*non-public*/
     MethodHandle withInternalMemberName(MemberName member) {
         if (member != null) {
             return MethodHandleImpl.makeWrappedMember(this, member);
@@ -1434,7 +1485,6 @@
      * Threads may continue running the old form indefinitely,
      * but it is likely that the new one will be preferred for new executions.
      * Use with discretion.
-     * @param newForm
      */
     /*non-public*/
     void updateForm(LambdaForm newForm) {
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleImpl.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleImpl.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -314,13 +314,13 @@
     static class AsVarargsCollector extends MethodHandle {
         private final MethodHandle target;
         private final Class<?> arrayType;
-        private MethodHandle cache;
+        private /*@Stable*/ MethodHandle asCollectorCache;
 
         AsVarargsCollector(MethodHandle target, MethodType type, Class<?> arrayType) {
             super(type, reinvokerForm(target));
             this.target = target;
             this.arrayType = arrayType;
-            this.cache = target.asCollector(arrayType, 0);
+            this.asCollectorCache = target.asCollector(arrayType, 0);
         }
 
         @Override MethodHandle reinvokerTarget() { return target; }
@@ -336,18 +336,19 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public MethodHandle asType(MethodType newType) {
+        public MethodHandle asTypeUncached(MethodType newType) {
             MethodType type = this.type();
             int collectArg = type.parameterCount() - 1;
             int newArity = newType.parameterCount();
             if (newArity == collectArg+1 &&
                 type.parameterType(collectArg).isAssignableFrom(newType.parameterType(collectArg))) {
                 // if arity and trailing parameter are compatible, do normal thing
-                return asFixedArity().asType(newType);
+                return asTypeCache = asFixedArity().asType(newType);
             }
             // check cache
-            if (cache.type().parameterCount() == newArity)
-                return cache.asType(newType);
+            MethodHandle acc = asCollectorCache;
+            if (acc != null && acc.type().parameterCount() == newArity)
+                return asTypeCache = acc.asType(newType);
             // build and cache a collector
             int arrayLength = newArity - collectArg;
             MethodHandle collector;
@@ -357,8 +358,8 @@
             } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
                 throw new WrongMethodTypeException("cannot build collector", ex);
             }
-            cache = collector;
-            return collector.asType(newType);
+            asCollectorCache = collector;
+            return asTypeCache = collector.asType(newType);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -380,6 +381,10 @@
         MemberName internalMemberName() {
             return asFixedArity().internalMemberName();
         }
+        @Override
+        Class<?> internalCallerClass() {
+            return asFixedArity().internalCallerClass();
+        }
 
         /*non-public*/
         @Override
@@ -435,7 +440,7 @@
                 // Spread the array.
                 MethodHandle aload = MethodHandles.arrayElementGetter(spreadArgType);
                 Name array = names[argIndex];
-                names[nameCursor++] = new Name(NF_checkSpreadArgument, array, spreadArgCount);
+                names[nameCursor++] = new Name(Lazy.NF_checkSpreadArgument, array, spreadArgCount);
                 for (int j = 0; j < spreadArgCount; i++, j++) {
                     indexes[i] = nameCursor;
                     names[nameCursor++] = new Name(aload, array, j);
@@ -459,14 +464,8 @@
     }
 
     static void checkSpreadArgument(Object av, int n) {
-        // FIXME: regression test for bug 7141637 erroneously expects an NPE, and other tests may expect IAE
-        // but the actual exception raised by an arity mismatch should be WMTE
-        final boolean RAISE_RANDOM_EXCEPTIONS = true;  // FIXME: delete in JSR 292 M1
         if (av == null) {
             if (n == 0)  return;
-            int len;
-            if (RAISE_RANDOM_EXCEPTIONS)
-                len = ((Object[])av).length;  // throw NPE; but delete this after tests are fixed
         } else if (av instanceof Object[]) {
             int len = ((Object[])av).length;
             if (len == n)  return;
@@ -475,19 +474,23 @@
             if (len == n)  return;
         }
         // fall through to error:
-        if (RAISE_RANDOM_EXCEPTIONS)
-            throw newIllegalArgumentException("Array is not of length "+n);
-        throw new WrongMethodTypeException("Array is not of length "+n);
+        throw newIllegalArgumentException("array is not of length "+n);
     }
 
-    private static final NamedFunction NF_checkSpreadArgument;
-    static {
-        try {
-            NF_checkSpreadArgument = new NamedFunction(MethodHandleImpl.class
-                    .getDeclaredMethod("checkSpreadArgument", Object.class, int.class));
-            NF_checkSpreadArgument.resolve();
-        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
-            throw newInternalError(ex);
+    /**
+     * Pre-initialized NamedFunctions for bootstrapping purposes.
+     * Factored in an inner class to delay initialization until first usage.
+     */
+    private static class Lazy {
+        static final NamedFunction NF_checkSpreadArgument;
+        static {
+            try {
+                NF_checkSpreadArgument = new NamedFunction(MethodHandleImpl.class
+                        .getDeclaredMethod("checkSpreadArgument", Object.class, int.class));
+                NF_checkSpreadArgument.resolve();
+            } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
+                throw newInternalError(ex);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -832,7 +835,7 @@
             MethodHandle vamh = prepareForInvoker(mh);
             // Cache the result of makeInjectedInvoker once per argument class.
             MethodHandle bccInvoker = CV_makeInjectedInvoker.get(hostClass);
-            return restoreToType(bccInvoker.bindTo(vamh), mh.type(), mh.internalMemberName());
+            return restoreToType(bccInvoker.bindTo(vamh), mh.type(), mh.internalMemberName(), hostClass);
         }
 
         private static MethodHandle makeInjectedInvoker(Class<?> hostClass) {
@@ -887,10 +890,12 @@
         }
 
         // Undo the adapter effect of prepareForInvoker:
-        private static MethodHandle restoreToType(MethodHandle vamh, MethodType type, MemberName member) {
+        private static MethodHandle restoreToType(MethodHandle vamh, MethodType type,
+                                                  MemberName member,
+                                                  Class<?> hostClass) {
             MethodHandle mh = vamh.asCollector(Object[].class, type.parameterCount());
             mh = mh.asType(type);
-            mh = mh.withInternalMemberName(member);
+            mh = new WrappedMember(mh, type, member, hostClass);
             return mh;
         }
 
@@ -959,11 +964,13 @@
     static class WrappedMember extends MethodHandle {
         private final MethodHandle target;
         private final MemberName member;
+        private final Class<?> callerClass;
 
-        private WrappedMember(MethodHandle target, MethodType type, MemberName member) {
+        private WrappedMember(MethodHandle target, MethodType type, MemberName member, Class<?> callerClass) {
             super(type, reinvokerForm(target));
             this.target = target;
             this.member = member;
+            this.callerClass = callerClass;
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -971,23 +978,33 @@
             return target;
         }
         @Override
+        public MethodHandle asTypeUncached(MethodType newType) {
+            // This MH is an alias for target, except for the MemberName
+            // Drop the MemberName if there is any conversion.
+            return asTypeCache = target.asType(newType);
+        }
+        @Override
         MemberName internalMemberName() {
             return member;
         }
         @Override
+        Class<?> internalCallerClass() {
+            return callerClass;
+        }
+        @Override
         boolean isInvokeSpecial() {
             return target.isInvokeSpecial();
         }
         @Override
         MethodHandle viewAsType(MethodType newType) {
-            return new WrappedMember(target, newType, member);
+            return new WrappedMember(target, newType, member, callerClass);
         }
     }
 
     static MethodHandle makeWrappedMember(MethodHandle target, MemberName member) {
         if (member.equals(target.internalMemberName()))
             return target;
-        return new WrappedMember(target, target.type(), member);
+        return new WrappedMember(target, target.type(), member, null);
     }
 
 }
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleInfo.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleInfo.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -32,9 +32,10 @@
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.*;
 
 /**
- * A symbolic reference obtained by cracking a method handle into its consitutent symbolic parts.
+ * A symbolic reference obtained by cracking a direct method handle
+ * into its consitutent symbolic parts.
  * To crack a direct method handle, call {@link Lookup#revealDirect Lookup.revealDirect}.
- * <p>
+ * <h1><a name="directmh"></a>Direct Method Handles</h1>
  * A <em>direct method handle</em> represents a method, constructor, or field without
  * any intervening argument bindings or other transformations.
  * The method, constructor, or field referred to by a direct method handle is called
@@ -56,11 +57,25 @@
  *     or {@link Lookup#unreflectSetter Lookup.unreflectSetter}
  *     to convert a {@link Field} into a method handle.
  * </ul>
- * In all of these cases, it is possible to crack the resulting direct method handle
+ *
+ * <h1>Restrictions on Cracking</h1>
+ * Given a suitable {@code Lookup} object, it is possible to crack any direct method handle
  * to recover a symbolic reference for the underlying method, constructor, or field.
  * Cracking must be done via a {@code Lookup} object equivalent to that which created
  * the target method handle, or which has enough access permissions to recreate
  * an equivalent method handle.
+ * <p>
+ * If the underlying method is <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#callsens">caller sensitive</a>,
+ * the direct method handle will have been "bound" to a particular caller class, the
+ * {@linkplain java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#lookupClass() lookup class}
+ * of the lookup object used to create it.
+ * Cracking this method handle with a different lookup class will fail
+ * even if the underlying method is public (like {@code Class.forName}).
+ * <p>
+ * The requirement of lookup object matching provides a "fast fail" behavior
+ * for programs which may otherwise trust erroneous revelation of a method
+ * handle with symbolic information (or caller binding) from an unexpected scope.
+ * Use {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles#reflectAs} to override this limitation.
  *
  * <h1><a name="refkinds"></a>Reference kinds</h1>
  * The <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#lookups">Lookup Factory Methods</a>
@@ -190,7 +205,7 @@
      * @return the Java language modifiers for underlying member,
      *         or -1 if the member cannot be accessed
      * @see Modifier
-     * @see reflectAs
+     * @see #reflectAs
      */
     public int getModifiers();
 
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleNatives.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleNatives.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2008, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -233,20 +233,19 @@
     }
     static String refKindName(byte refKind) {
         assert(refKindIsValid(refKind));
-        return REFERENCE_KIND_NAME[refKind];
+        switch (refKind) {
+        case REF_getField:          return "getField";
+        case REF_getStatic:         return "getStatic";
+        case REF_putField:          return "putField";
+        case REF_putStatic:         return "putStatic";
+        case REF_invokeVirtual:     return "invokeVirtual";
+        case REF_invokeStatic:      return "invokeStatic";
+        case REF_invokeSpecial:     return "invokeSpecial";
+        case REF_newInvokeSpecial:  return "newInvokeSpecial";
+        case REF_invokeInterface:   return "invokeInterface";
+        default:                    return "REF_???";
+        }
     }
-    private static String[] REFERENCE_KIND_NAME = {
-            null,
-            "getField",
-            "getStatic",
-            "putField",
-            "putStatic",
-            "invokeVirtual",
-            "invokeStatic",
-            "invokeSpecial",
-            "newInvokeSpecial",
-            "invokeInterface"
-    };
 
     private static native int getNamedCon(int which, Object[] name);
     static boolean verifyConstants() {
@@ -294,12 +293,18 @@
         Class<?> caller = (Class<?>)callerObj;
         String name = nameObj.toString().intern();
         MethodType type = (MethodType)typeObj;
-        appendixResult[0] = CallSite.makeSite(bootstrapMethod,
+        CallSite callSite = CallSite.makeSite(bootstrapMethod,
                                               name,
                                               type,
                                               staticArguments,
                                               caller);
-        return Invokers.linkToCallSiteMethod(type);
+        if (callSite instanceof ConstantCallSite) {
+            appendixResult[0] = callSite.dynamicInvoker();
+            return Invokers.linkToTargetMethod(type);
+        } else {
+            appendixResult[0] = callSite;
+            return Invokers.linkToCallSiteMethod(type);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -388,12 +393,7 @@
                                      Object[] appendixResult) {
         try {
             if (defc == MethodHandle.class && refKind == REF_invokeVirtual) {
-                switch (name) {
-                case "invoke":
-                    return Invokers.genericInvokerMethod(fixMethodType(callerClass, type), appendixResult);
-                case "invokeExact":
-                    return Invokers.exactInvokerMethod(fixMethodType(callerClass, type), appendixResult);
-                }
+                return Invokers.methodHandleInvokeLinkerMethod(name, fixMethodType(callerClass, type), appendixResult);
             }
         } catch (Throwable ex) {
             if (ex instanceof LinkageError)
@@ -440,14 +440,34 @@
             Lookup lookup = IMPL_LOOKUP.in(callerClass);
             assert(refKindIsValid(refKind));
             return lookup.linkMethodHandleConstant((byte) refKind, defc, name, type);
+        } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
+            Error err = new IllegalAccessError(ex.getMessage());
+            throw initCauseFrom(err, ex);
+        } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
+            Error err = new NoSuchMethodError(ex.getMessage());
+            throw initCauseFrom(err, ex);
+        } catch (NoSuchFieldException ex) {
+            Error err = new NoSuchFieldError(ex.getMessage());
+            throw initCauseFrom(err, ex);
         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
             Error err = new IncompatibleClassChangeError();
-            err.initCause(ex);
-            throw err;
+            throw initCauseFrom(err, ex);
         }
     }
 
     /**
+     * Use best possible cause for err.initCause(), substituting the
+     * cause for err itself if the cause has the same (or better) type.
+     */
+    static private Error initCauseFrom(Error err, Exception ex) {
+        Throwable th = ex.getCause();
+        if (err.getClass().isInstance(th))
+           return (Error) th;
+        err.initCause(th == null ? ex : th);
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Is this method a caller-sensitive method?
      * I.e., does it call Reflection.getCallerClass or a similer method
      * to ask about the identity of its caller?
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleProxies.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleProxies.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -107,6 +107,11 @@
      * such as abstract classes with single abstract methods.
      * Future versions of this API may also equip wrapper instances
      * with one or more additional public "marker" interfaces.
+     * <p>
+     * If a security manager is installed, this method is caller sensitive.
+     * During any invocation of the target method handle via the returned wrapper,
+     * the original creator of the wrapper (the caller) will be visible
+     * to context checks requested by the security manager.
      *
      * @param <T> the desired type of the wrapper, a single-method interface
      * @param intfc a class object representing {@code T}
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandles.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandles.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.*;
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleNatives.Constants.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
 
 /**
@@ -48,7 +49,6 @@
  * <li>Lookup methods which help create method handles for methods and fields.
  * <li>Combinator methods, which combine or transform pre-existing method handles into new ones.
  * <li>Other factory methods to create method handles that emulate other common JVM operations or control flow patterns.
- * <li>Wrapper methods which can convert between method handles and interface types.
  * </ul>
  * <p>
  * @author John Rose, JSR 292 EG
@@ -65,12 +65,25 @@
     //// Method handle creation from ordinary methods.
 
     /**
-     * Returns a {@link Lookup lookup object} on the caller,
-     * which has the capability to access any method handle that the caller has access to,
-     * including direct method handles to private fields and methods.
+     * Returns a {@link Lookup lookup object} with
+     * full capabilities to emulate all supported bytecode behaviors of the caller.
+     * These capabilities include <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#privacc">private access</a> to the caller.
+     * Factory methods on the lookup object can create
+     * <a href="MethodHandleInfo.html#directmh">direct method handles</a>
+     * for any member that the caller has access to via bytecodes,
+     * including protected and private fields and methods.
      * This lookup object is a <em>capability</em> which may be delegated to trusted agents.
      * Do not store it in place where untrusted code can access it.
-     * @return a lookup object for the caller of this method
+     * <p>
+     * This method is caller sensitive, which means that it may return different
+     * values to different callers.
+     * <p>
+     * For any given caller class {@code C}, the lookup object returned by this call
+     * has equivalent capabilities to any lookup object
+     * supplied by the JVM to the bootstrap method of an
+     * <a href="package-summary.html#indyinsn">invokedynamic instruction</a>
+     * executing in the same caller class {@code C}.
+     * @return a lookup object for the caller of this method, with private access
      */
     @CallerSensitive
     public static Lookup lookup() {
@@ -84,11 +97,17 @@
      * <p>
      * As a matter of pure convention, the {@linkplain Lookup#lookupClass lookup class}
      * of this lookup object will be {@link java.lang.Object}.
-     * <p>
+     *
+     * <p style="font-size:smaller;">
+     * <em>Discussion:</em>
      * The lookup class can be changed to any other class {@code C} using an expression of the form
-     * {@linkplain Lookup#in <code>publicLookup().in(C.class)</code>}.
+     * {@link Lookup#in publicLookup().in(C.class)}.
      * Since all classes have equal access to public names,
      * such a change would confer no new access rights.
+     * A public lookup object is always subject to
+     * <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">security manager checks</a>.
+     * Also, it cannot access
+     * <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#callsens">caller sensitive methods</a>.
      * @return a lookup object which is trusted minimally
      */
     public static Lookup publicLookup() {
@@ -96,7 +115,8 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Performs an unchecked "crack" of a direct method handle.
+     * Performs an unchecked "crack" of a
+     * <a href="MethodHandleInfo.html#directmh">direct method handle</a>.
      * The result is as if the user had obtained a lookup object capable enough
      * to crack the target method handle, called
      * {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#revealDirect Lookup.revealDirect}
@@ -149,10 +169,17 @@
      * <h1><a name="lookups"></a>Lookup Factory Methods</h1>
      * The factory methods on a {@code Lookup} object correspond to all major
      * use cases for methods, constructors, and fields.
+     * Each method handle created by a factory method is the functional
+     * equivalent of a particular <em>bytecode behavior</em>.
+     * (Bytecode behaviors are described in section 5.4.3.5 of the Java Virtual Machine Specification.)
      * Here is a summary of the correspondence between these factory methods and
      * the behavior the resulting method handles:
      * <table border=1 cellpadding=5 summary="lookup method behaviors">
-     * <tr><th>lookup expression</th><th>member</th><th>behavior</th></tr>
+     * <tr>
+     *     <th><a name="equiv"></a>lookup expression</th>
+     *     <th>member</th>
+     *     <th>bytecode behavior</th>
+     * </tr>
      * <tr>
      *     <td>{@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#findGetter lookup.findGetter(C.class,"f",FT.class)}</td>
      *     <td>{@code FT f;}</td><td>{@code (T) this.f;}</td>
@@ -228,10 +255,12 @@
      * In cases where the given member is of variable arity (i.e., a method or constructor)
      * the returned method handle will also be of {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity}.
      * In all other cases, the returned method handle will be of fixed arity.
-     * <p>
+     * <p style="font-size:smaller;">
+     * <em>Discussion:</em>
      * The equivalence between looked-up method handles and underlying
-     * class members can break down in a few ways:
-     * <ul>
+     * class members and bytecode behaviors
+     * can break down in a few ways:
+     * <ul style="font-size:smaller;">
      * <li>If {@code C} is not symbolically accessible from the lookup class's loader,
      * the lookup can still succeed, even when there is no equivalent
      * Java expression or bytecoded constant.
@@ -241,9 +270,13 @@
      * For example, lookups for {@code MethodHandle.invokeExact} and
      * {@code MethodHandle.invoke} will always succeed, regardless of requested type.
      * <li>If there is a security manager installed, it can forbid the lookup
-     * on various grounds (<a href="#secmgr">see below</a>).
-     * By contrast, the {@code ldc} instruction is not subject to
-     * security manager checks.
+     * on various grounds (<a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">see below</a>).
+     * By contrast, the {@code ldc} instruction on a {@code CONSTANT_MethodHandle}
+     * constant is not subject to security manager checks.
+     * <li>If the looked-up method has a
+     * <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">very large arity</a>,
+     * the method handle creation may fail, due to the method handle
+     * type having too many parameters.
      * </ul>
      *
      * <h1><a name="access"></a>Access checking</h1>
@@ -271,7 +304,8 @@
      * A lookup can fail, because
      * the containing class is not accessible to the lookup class, or
      * because the desired class member is missing, or because the
-     * desired class member is not accessible to the lookup class.
+     * desired class member is not accessible to the lookup class, or
+     * because the lookup object is not trusted enough to access the member.
      * In any of these cases, a {@code ReflectiveOperationException} will be
      * thrown from the attempted lookup.  The exact class will be one of
      * the following:
@@ -282,11 +316,23 @@
      * </ul>
      * <p>
      * In general, the conditions under which a method handle may be
-     * looked up for a method {@code M} are exactly equivalent to the conditions
-     * under which the lookup class could have compiled and resolved a call to {@code M}.
+     * looked up for a method {@code M} are no more restrictive than the conditions
+     * under which the lookup class could have compiled, verified, and resolved a call to {@code M}.
+     * Where the JVM would raise exceptions like {@code NoSuchMethodError},
+     * a method handle lookup will generally raise a corresponding
+     * checked exception, such as {@code NoSuchMethodException}.
      * And the effect of invoking the method handle resulting from the lookup
-     * is exactly equivalent to executing the compiled and resolved call to {@code M}.
+     * is <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#equiv">exactly equivalent</a>
+     * to executing the compiled, verified, and resolved call to {@code M}.
      * The same point is true of fields and constructors.
+     * <p style="font-size:smaller;">
+     * <em>Discussion:</em>
+     * Access checks only apply to named and reflected methods,
+     * constructors, and fields.
+     * Other method handle creation methods, such as
+     * {@link MethodHandle#asType MethodHandle.asType},
+     * do not require any access checks, and are used
+     * independently of any {@code Lookup} object.
      * <p>
      * If the desired member is {@code protected}, the usual JVM rules apply,
      * including the requirement that the lookup class must be either be in the
@@ -300,6 +346,18 @@
      * (which will necessarily be a superclass of the lookup class)
      * to the lookup class itself.
      * <p>
+     * The JVM imposes a similar requirement on {@code invokespecial} instruction,
+     * that the receiver argument must match both the resolved method <em>and</em>
+     * the current class.  Again, this requirement is enforced by narrowing the
+     * type of the leading parameter to the resulting method handle.
+     * (See the Java Virtual Machine Specification, section 4.10.1.9.)
+     * <p>
+     * The JVM represents constructors and static initializer blocks as internal methods
+     * with special names ({@code "<init>"} and {@code "<clinit>"}).
+     * The internal syntax of invocation instructions allows them to refer to such internal
+     * methods as if they were normal methods, but the JVM bytecode verifier rejects them.
+     * A lookup of such an internal method will produce a {@code NoSuchMethodException}.
+     * <p>
      * In some cases, access between nested classes is obtained by the Java compiler by creating
      * an wrapper method to access a private method of another class
      * in the same top-level declaration.
@@ -313,6 +371,43 @@
      * which can transform a lookup on {@code C.E} into one on any of those other
      * classes, without special elevation of privilege.
      * <p>
+     * The accesses permitted to a given lookup object may be limited,
+     * according to its set of {@link #lookupModes lookupModes},
+     * to a subset of members normally accessible to the lookup class.
+     * For example, the {@link MethodHandles#publicLookup publicLookup}
+     * method produces a lookup object which is only allowed to access
+     * public members in public classes.
+     * The caller sensitive method {@link MethodHandles#lookup lookup}
+     * produces a lookup object with full capabilities relative to
+     * its caller class, to emulate all supported bytecode behaviors.
+     * Also, the {@link Lookup#in Lookup.in} method may produce a lookup object
+     * with fewer access modes than the original lookup object.
+     *
+     * <p style="font-size:smaller;">
+     * <a name="privacc"></a>
+     * <em>Discussion of private access:</em>
+     * We say that a lookup has <em>private access</em>
+     * if its {@linkplain #lookupModes lookup modes}
+     * include the possibility of accessing {@code private} members.
+     * As documented in the relevant methods elsewhere,
+     * only lookups with private access possess the following capabilities:
+     * <ul style="font-size:smaller;">
+     * <li>access private fields, methods, and constructors of the lookup class
+     * <li>create method handles which invoke <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#callsens">caller sensitive</a> methods,
+     *     such as {@code Class.forName}
+     * <li>create method handles which {@link Lookup#findSpecial emulate invokespecial} instructions
+     * <li>avoid <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">package access checks</a>
+     *     for classes accessible to the lookup class
+     * <li>create {@link Lookup#in delegated lookup objects} which have private access to other classes
+     *     within the same package member
+     * </ul>
+     * <p style="font-size:smaller;">
+     * Each of these permissions is a consequence of the fact that a lookup object
+     * with private access can be securely traced back to an originating class,
+     * whose <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#equiv">bytecode behaviors</a> and Java language access permissions
+     * can be reliably determined and emulated by method handles.
+     *
+     * <h1><a name="secmgr"></a>Security manager interactions</h1>
      * Although bytecode instructions can only refer to classes in
      * a related class loader, this API can search for methods in any
      * class, as long as a reference to its {@code Class} object is
@@ -325,16 +420,6 @@
      * and the Core Reflection API
      * (as found on {@link java.lang.Class Class}).
      * <p>
-     * Access checks only apply to named and reflected methods,
-     * constructors, and fields.
-     * Other method handle creation methods, such as
-     * {@link MethodHandle#asType MethodHandle.asType},
-     * do not require any access checks, and are done
-     * with static methods of {@link MethodHandles},
-     * independently of any {@code Lookup} object.
-     *
-     * <h1>Security manager interactions</h1>
-     * <a name="secmgr"></a>
      * If a security manager is present, member lookups are subject to
      * additional checks.
      * From one to three calls are made to the security manager.
@@ -347,26 +432,79 @@
      * member is actually defined.
      * The value {@code lookc} is defined as <em>not present</em>
      * if the current lookup object does not have
-     * {@linkplain java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#PRIVATE private access}.
+     * <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#privacc">private access</a>.
      * The calls are made according to the following rules:
      * <ul>
-     * <li>If {@code lookc} is not present, or if its class loader is not
+     * <li><b>Step 1:</b>
+     *     If {@code lookc} is not present, or if its class loader is not
      *     the same as or an ancestor of the class loader of {@code refc},
      *     then {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
      *     smgr.checkPackageAccess(refcPkg)} is called,
      *     where {@code refcPkg} is the package of {@code refc}.
-     * <li>If the retrieved member is not public and
+     * <li><b>Step 2:</b>
+     *     If the retrieved member is not public and
      *     {@code lookc} is not present, then
      *     {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission smgr.checkPermission}
      *     with {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")} is called.
-     * <li>If the retrieved member is not public,
+     * <li><b>Step 3:</b>
+     *     If the retrieved member is not public,
+     *     and if {@code lookc} is not present,
      *     and if {@code defc} and {@code refc} are different,
      *     then {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
      *     smgr.checkPackageAccess(defcPkg)} is called,
      *     where {@code defcPkg} is the package of {@code defc}.
      * </ul>
+     * Security checks are performed after other access checks have passed.
+     * Therefore, the above rules presuppose a member that is public,
+     * or else that is being accessed from a lookup class that has
+     * rights to access the member.
+     *
+     * <h1><a name="callsens"></a>Caller sensitive methods</h1>
+     * A small number of Java methods have a special property called caller sensitivity.
+     * A <em>caller-sensitive</em> method can behave differently depending on the
+     * identity of its immediate caller.
+     * <p>
+     * If a method handle for a caller-sensitive method is requested,
+     * the general rules for <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#equiv">bytecode behaviors</a> apply,
+     * but they take account of the lookup class in a special way.
+     * The resulting method handle behaves as if it were called
+     * from an instruction contained in the lookup class,
+     * so that the caller-sensitive method detects the lookup class.
+     * (By contrast, the invoker of the method handle is disregarded.)
+     * Thus, in the case of caller-sensitive methods,
+     * different lookup classes may give rise to
+     * differently behaving method handles.
+     * <p>
+     * In cases where the lookup object is
+     * {@link MethodHandles#publicLookup() publicLookup()},
+     * or some other lookup object without
+     * <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#privacc">private access</a>,
+     * the lookup class is disregarded.
+     * In such cases, no caller-sensitive method handle can be created,
+     * access is forbidden, and the lookup fails with an
+     * {@code IllegalAccessException}.
+     * <p style="font-size:smaller;">
+     * <em>Discussion:</em>
+     * For example, the caller-sensitive method
+     * {@link java.lang.Class#forName(String) Class.forName(x)}
+     * can return varying classes or throw varying exceptions,
+     * depending on the class loader of the class that calls it.
+     * A public lookup of {@code Class.forName} will fail, because
+     * there is no reasonable way to determine its bytecode behavior.
+     * <p style="font-size:smaller;">
+     * If an application caches method handles for broad sharing,
+     * it should use {@code publicLookup()} to create them.
+     * If there is a lookup of {@code Class.forName}, it will fail,
+     * and the application must take appropriate action in that case.
+     * It may be that a later lookup, perhaps during the invocation of a
+     * bootstrap method, can incorporate the specific identity
+     * of the caller, making the method accessible.
+     * <p style="font-size:smaller;">
+     * The function {@code MethodHandles.lookup} is caller sensitive
+     * so that there can be a secure foundation for lookups.
+     * Nearly all other methods in the JSR 292 API rely on lookup
+     * objects to check access requests.
      */
-    // FIXME in MR1: clarify that the bytecode behavior of a caller-ID method (like Class.forName) is relative to the lookupClass used to create the method handle, not the dynamic caller of the method handle
     public static final
     class Lookup {
         /** The class on behalf of whom the lookup is being performed. */
@@ -592,13 +730,23 @@
          * (Since static methods do not take receivers, there is no
          * additional receiver argument inserted into the method handle type,
          * as there would be with {@link #findVirtual findVirtual} or {@link #findSpecial findSpecial}.)
-         * The method and all its argument types must be accessible to the lookup class.
-         * If the method's class has not yet been initialized, that is done
-         * immediately, before the method handle is returned.
+         * The method and all its argument types must be accessible to the lookup object.
          * <p>
          * The returned method handle will have
          * {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity} if and only if
          * the method's variable arity modifier bit ({@code 0x0080}) is set.
+         * <p>
+         * If the returned method handle is invoked, the method's class will
+         * be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
+         * <p><b>Example:</b>
+         * <p><blockquote><pre>{@code
+import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
+import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
+...
+MethodHandle MH_asList = publicLookup().findStatic(Arrays.class,
+  "asList", methodType(List.class, Object[].class));
+assertEquals("[x, y]", MH_asList.invoke("x", "y").toString());
+         * }</pre></blockquote>
          * @param refc the class from which the method is accessed
          * @param name the name of the method
          * @param type the type of the method
@@ -615,7 +763,6 @@
         public
         MethodHandle findStatic(Class<?> refc, String name, MethodType type) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
             MemberName method = resolveOrFail(REF_invokeStatic, refc, name, type);
-            checkSecurityManager(refc, method);
             return getDirectMethod(REF_invokeStatic, refc, method, findBoundCallerClass(method));
         }
 
@@ -623,7 +770,7 @@
          * Produces a method handle for a virtual method.
          * The type of the method handle will be that of the method,
          * with the receiver type (usually {@code refc}) prepended.
-         * The method and all its argument types must be accessible to the lookup class.
+         * The method and all its argument types must be accessible to the lookup object.
          * <p>
          * When called, the handle will treat the first argument as a receiver
          * and dispatch on the receiver's type to determine which method
@@ -640,7 +787,7 @@
          * {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity} if and only if
          * the method's variable arity modifier bit ({@code 0x0080}) is set.
          * <p>
-         * Because of the general equivalence between {@code invokevirtual}
+         * Because of the general <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#equiv">equivalence</a> between {@code invokevirtual}
          * instructions and method handles produced by {@code findVirtual},
          * if the class is {@code MethodHandle} and the name string is
          * {@code invokeExact} or {@code invoke}, the resulting
@@ -649,6 +796,34 @@
          * {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles#invoker MethodHandles.invoker}
          * with the same {@code type} argument.
          *
+         * <b>Example:</b>
+         * <p><blockquote><pre>{@code
+import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
+import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
+...
+MethodHandle MH_concat = publicLookup().findVirtual(String.class,
+  "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
+MethodHandle MH_hashCode = publicLookup().findVirtual(Object.class,
+  "hashCode", methodType(int.class));
+MethodHandle MH_hashCode_String = publicLookup().findVirtual(String.class,
+  "hashCode", methodType(int.class));
+assertEquals("xy", (String) MH_concat.invokeExact("x", "y"));
+assertEquals("xy".hashCode(), (int) MH_hashCode.invokeExact((Object)"xy"));
+assertEquals("xy".hashCode(), (int) MH_hashCode_String.invokeExact("xy"));
+// interface method:
+MethodHandle MH_subSequence = publicLookup().findVirtual(CharSequence.class,
+  "subSequence", methodType(CharSequence.class, int.class, int.class));
+assertEquals("def", MH_subSequence.invoke("abcdefghi", 3, 6).toString());
+// constructor "internal method" must be accessed differently:
+MethodType MT_newString = methodType(void.class); //()V for new String()
+try { assertEquals("impossible", lookup()
+        .findVirtual(String.class, "<init>", MT_newString));
+ } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { } // OK
+MethodHandle MH_newString = publicLookup()
+  .findConstructor(String.class, MT_newString);
+assertEquals("", (String) MH_newString.invokeExact());
+         * }</pre></blockquote>
+         *
          * @param refc the class or interface from which the method is accessed
          * @param name the name of the method
          * @param type the type of the method, with the receiver argument omitted
@@ -669,7 +844,6 @@
             }
             byte refKind = (refc.isInterface() ? REF_invokeInterface : REF_invokeVirtual);
             MemberName method = resolveOrFail(refKind, refc, name, type);
-            checkSecurityManager(refc, method);
             return getDirectMethod(refKind, refc, method, findBoundCallerClass(method));
         }
         private MethodHandle findVirtualForMH(String name, MethodType type) {
@@ -687,16 +861,35 @@
          * the constructor of the specified type.
          * The parameter types of the method handle will be those of the constructor,
          * while the return type will be a reference to the constructor's class.
-         * The constructor and all its argument types must be accessible to the lookup class.
-         * If the constructor's class has not yet been initialized, that is done
-         * immediately, before the method handle is returned.
+         * The constructor and all its argument types must be accessible to the lookup object.
          * <p>
-         * Note:  The requested type must have a return type of {@code void}.
-         * This is consistent with the JVM's treatment of constructor type descriptors.
+         * The requested type must have a return type of {@code void}.
+         * (This is consistent with the JVM's treatment of constructor type descriptors.)
          * <p>
          * The returned method handle will have
          * {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity} if and only if
          * the constructor's variable arity modifier bit ({@code 0x0080}) is set.
+         * <p>
+         * If the returned method handle is invoked, the constructor's class will
+         * be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
+         * <p><b>Example:</b>
+         * <p><blockquote><pre>{@code
+import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
+import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
+...
+MethodHandle MH_newArrayList = publicLookup().findConstructor(
+  ArrayList.class, methodType(void.class, Collection.class));
+Collection orig = Arrays.asList("x", "y");
+Collection copy = (ArrayList) MH_newArrayList.invokeExact(orig);
+assert(orig != copy);
+assertEquals(orig, copy);
+// a variable-arity constructor:
+MethodHandle MH_newProcessBuilder = publicLookup().findConstructor(
+  ProcessBuilder.class, methodType(void.class, String[].class));
+ProcessBuilder pb = (ProcessBuilder)
+  MH_newProcessBuilder.invoke("x", "y", "z");
+assertEquals("[x, y, z]", pb.command().toString());
+         * }</pre></blockquote>
          * @param refc the class or interface from which the method is accessed
          * @param type the type of the method, with the receiver argument omitted, and a void return type
          * @return the desired method handle
@@ -711,31 +904,68 @@
         public MethodHandle findConstructor(Class<?> refc, MethodType type) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
             String name = "<init>";
             MemberName ctor = resolveOrFail(REF_newInvokeSpecial, refc, name, type);
-            checkSecurityManager(refc, ctor);
             return getDirectConstructor(refc, ctor);
         }
 
         /**
-         * Produces an early-bound method handle for a virtual method,
-         * as if called from an {@code invokespecial}
-         * instruction from {@code caller}.
+         * Produces an early-bound method handle for a virtual method.
+         * It will bypass checks for overriding methods on the receiver,
+         * <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#equiv">as if called</a> from an {@code invokespecial}
+         * instruction from within the explicitly specified {@code specialCaller}.
          * The type of the method handle will be that of the method,
-         * with a suitably restricted receiver type (such as {@code caller}) prepended.
+         * with a suitably restricted receiver type prepended.
+         * (The receiver type will be {@code specialCaller} or a subtype.)
          * The method and all its argument types must be accessible
-         * to the caller.
+         * to the lookup object.
          * <p>
-         * When called, the handle will treat the first argument as a receiver,
-         * but will not dispatch on the receiver's type.
-         * (This direct invocation action is identical with that performed by an
-         * {@code invokespecial} instruction.)
-         * <p>
-         * If the explicitly specified caller class is not identical with the
-         * lookup class, or if this lookup object does not have private access
+         * Before method resolution,
+         * if the explicitly specified caller class is not identical with the
+         * lookup class, or if this lookup object does not have
+         * <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#privacc">private access</a>
          * privileges, the access fails.
          * <p>
          * The returned method handle will have
          * {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity} if and only if
          * the method's variable arity modifier bit ({@code 0x0080}) is set.
+         * <p style="font-size:smaller;">
+         * <em>(Note:  JVM internal methods named {@code "<init>"} are not visible to this API,
+         * even though the {@code invokespecial} instruction can refer to them
+         * in special circumstances.  Use {@link #findConstructor findConstructor}
+         * to access instance initialization methods in a safe manner.)</em>
+         * <p><b>Example:</b>
+         * <p><blockquote><pre>{@code
+import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
+import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
+...
+static class Listie extends ArrayList {
+  public String toString() { return "[wee Listie]"; }
+  static Lookup lookup() { return MethodHandles.lookup(); }
+}
+...
+// no access to constructor via invokeSpecial:
+MethodHandle MH_newListie = Listie.lookup()
+  .findConstructor(Listie.class, methodType(void.class));
+Listie l = (Listie) MH_newListie.invokeExact();
+try { assertEquals("impossible", Listie.lookup().findSpecial(
+        Listie.class, "<init>", methodType(void.class), Listie.class));
+ } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { } // OK
+// access to super and self methods via invokeSpecial:
+MethodHandle MH_super = Listie.lookup().findSpecial(
+  ArrayList.class, "toString" , methodType(String.class), Listie.class);
+MethodHandle MH_this = Listie.lookup().findSpecial(
+  Listie.class, "toString" , methodType(String.class), Listie.class);
+MethodHandle MH_duper = Listie.lookup().findSpecial(
+  Object.class, "toString" , methodType(String.class), Listie.class);
+assertEquals("[]", (String) MH_super.invokeExact(l));
+assertEquals(""+l, (String) MH_this.invokeExact(l));
+assertEquals("[]", (String) MH_duper.invokeExact(l)); // ArrayList method
+try { assertEquals("inaccessible", Listie.lookup().findSpecial(
+        String.class, "toString", methodType(String.class), Listie.class));
+ } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { } // OK
+Listie subl = new Listie() { public String toString() { return "[subclass]"; } };
+assertEquals(""+l, (String) MH_this.invokeExact(subl)); // Listie method
+         * }</pre></blockquote>
+         *
          * @param refc the class or interface from which the method is accessed
          * @param name the name of the method (which must not be "&lt;init&gt;")
          * @param type the type of the method, with the receiver argument omitted
@@ -754,7 +984,6 @@
             checkSpecialCaller(specialCaller);
             Lookup specialLookup = this.in(specialCaller);
             MemberName method = specialLookup.resolveOrFail(REF_invokeSpecial, refc, name, type);
-            checkSecurityManager(refc, method);
             return specialLookup.getDirectMethod(REF_invokeSpecial, refc, method, findBoundCallerClass(method));
         }
 
@@ -777,7 +1006,6 @@
          */
         public MethodHandle findGetter(Class<?> refc, String name, Class<?> type) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
             MemberName field = resolveOrFail(REF_getField, refc, name, type);
-            checkSecurityManager(refc, field);
             return getDirectField(REF_getField, refc, field);
         }
 
@@ -800,7 +1028,6 @@
          */
         public MethodHandle findSetter(Class<?> refc, String name, Class<?> type) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
             MemberName field = resolveOrFail(REF_putField, refc, name, type);
-            checkSecurityManager(refc, field);
             return getDirectField(REF_putField, refc, field);
         }
 
@@ -810,6 +1037,9 @@
          * value type.
          * The method handle will take no arguments.
          * Access checking is performed immediately on behalf of the lookup class.
+         * <p>
+         * If the returned method handle is invoked, the field's class will
+         * be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
          * @param refc the class or interface from which the method is accessed
          * @param name the field's name
          * @param type the field's type
@@ -822,7 +1052,6 @@
          */
         public MethodHandle findStaticGetter(Class<?> refc, String name, Class<?> type) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
             MemberName field = resolveOrFail(REF_getStatic, refc, name, type);
-            checkSecurityManager(refc, field);
             return getDirectField(REF_getStatic, refc, field);
         }
 
@@ -832,6 +1061,9 @@
          * The method handle will take a single
          * argument, of the field's value type, the value to be stored.
          * Access checking is performed immediately on behalf of the lookup class.
+         * <p>
+         * If the returned method handle is invoked, the field's class will
+         * be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
          * @param refc the class or interface from which the method is accessed
          * @param name the field's name
          * @param type the field's type
@@ -844,7 +1076,6 @@
          */
         public MethodHandle findStaticSetter(Class<?> refc, String name, Class<?> type) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
             MemberName field = resolveOrFail(REF_putStatic, refc, name, type);
-            checkSecurityManager(refc, field);
             return getDirectField(REF_putStatic, refc, field);
         }
 
@@ -852,7 +1083,7 @@
          * Produces an early-bound method handle for a non-static method.
          * The receiver must have a supertype {@code defc} in which a method
          * of the given name and type is accessible to the lookup class.
-         * The method and all its argument types must be accessible to the lookup class.
+         * The method and all its argument types must be accessible to the lookup object.
          * The type of the method handle will be that of the method,
          * without any insertion of an additional receiver parameter.
          * The given receiver will be bound into the method handle,
@@ -867,17 +1098,17 @@
          * the given receiver value will be bound to it.)
          * <p>
          * This is equivalent to the following code:
-         * <blockquote><pre>
+         * <blockquote><pre>{@code
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
 ...
-MethodHandle mh0 = lookup().{@link #findVirtual findVirtual}(defc, name, type);
-MethodHandle mh1 = mh0.{@link MethodHandle#bindTo bindTo}(receiver);
+MethodHandle mh0 = lookup().findVirtual(defc, name, type);
+MethodHandle mh1 = mh0.bindTo(receiver);
 MethodType mt1 = mh1.type();
 if (mh0.isVarargsCollector())
   mh1 = mh1.asVarargsCollector(mt1.parameterType(mt1.parameterCount()-1));
 return mh1;
-         * </pre></blockquote>
+         * }</pre></blockquote>
          * where {@code defc} is either {@code receiver.getClass()} or a super
          * type of that class, in which the requested method is accessible
          * to the lookup class.
@@ -893,17 +1124,19 @@
          * @exception SecurityException if a security manager is present and it
          *                              <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">refuses access</a>
          * @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
+         * @see MethodHandle#bindTo
+         * @see #findVirtual
          */
         public MethodHandle bind(Object receiver, String name, MethodType type) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
             Class<? extends Object> refc = receiver.getClass(); // may get NPE
             MemberName method = resolveOrFail(REF_invokeSpecial, refc, name, type);
-            checkSecurityManager(refc, method);
             MethodHandle mh = getDirectMethodNoRestrict(REF_invokeSpecial, refc, method, findBoundCallerClass(method));
             return mh.bindReceiver(receiver).setVarargs(method);
         }
 
         /**
-         * Makes a direct method handle to <i>m</i>, if the lookup class has permission.
+         * Makes a <a href="MethodHandleInfo.html#directmh">direct method handle</a>
+         * to <i>m</i>, if the lookup class has permission.
          * If <i>m</i> is non-static, the receiver argument is treated as an initial argument.
          * If <i>m</i> is virtual, overriding is respected on every call.
          * Unlike the Core Reflection API, exceptions are <em>not</em> wrapped.
@@ -916,6 +1149,10 @@
          * The returned method handle will have
          * {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity} if and only if
          * the method's variable arity modifier bit ({@code 0x0080}) is set.
+         * <p>
+         * If <i>m</i> is static, and
+         * if the returned method handle is invoked, the method's class will
+         * be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
          * @param m the reflected method
          * @return a method handle which can invoke the reflected method
          * @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails
@@ -934,7 +1171,7 @@
                 refKind = REF_invokeVirtual;
             assert(method.isMethod());
             Lookup lookup = m.isAccessible() ? IMPL_LOOKUP : this;
-            return lookup.getDirectMethod(refKind, method.getDeclaringClass(), method, findBoundCallerClass(method));
+            return lookup.getDirectMethodNoSecurityManager(refKind, method.getDeclaringClass(), method, findBoundCallerClass(method));
         }
         private MethodHandle unreflectForMH(Method m) {
             // these names require special lookups because they throw UnsupportedOperationException
@@ -946,13 +1183,21 @@
         /**
          * Produces a method handle for a reflected method.
          * It will bypass checks for overriding methods on the receiver,
-         * as if by a {@code invokespecial} instruction from within the {@code specialCaller}.
+         * <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#equiv">as if called</a> from an {@code invokespecial}
+         * instruction from within the explicitly specified {@code specialCaller}.
          * The type of the method handle will be that of the method,
-         * with the special caller type prepended (and <em>not</em> the receiver of the method).
+         * with a suitably restricted receiver type prepended.
+         * (The receiver type will be {@code specialCaller} or a subtype.)
          * If the method's {@code accessible} flag is not set,
          * access checking is performed immediately on behalf of the lookup class,
          * as if {@code invokespecial} instruction were being linked.
          * <p>
+         * Before method resolution,
+         * if the explicitly specified caller class is not identical with the
+         * lookup class, or if this lookup object does not have
+         * <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#privacc">private access</a>
+         * privileges, the access fails.
+         * <p>
          * The returned method handle will have
          * {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity} if and only if
          * the method's variable arity modifier bit ({@code 0x0080}) is set.
@@ -970,7 +1215,7 @@
             MemberName method = new MemberName(m, true);
             assert(method.isMethod());
             // ignore m.isAccessible:  this is a new kind of access
-            return specialLookup.getDirectMethod(REF_invokeSpecial, method.getDeclaringClass(), method, findBoundCallerClass(method));
+            return specialLookup.getDirectMethodNoSecurityManager(REF_invokeSpecial, method.getDeclaringClass(), method, findBoundCallerClass(method));
         }
 
         /**
@@ -987,6 +1232,9 @@
          * The returned method handle will have
          * {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity} if and only if
          * the constructor's variable arity modifier bit ({@code 0x0080}) is set.
+         * <p>
+         * If the returned method handle is invoked, the constructor's class will
+         * be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
          * @param c the reflected constructor
          * @return a method handle which can invoke the reflected constructor
          * @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails
@@ -994,12 +1242,11 @@
          *                                is set and {@code asVarargsCollector} fails
          * @throws NullPointerException if the argument is null
          */
-        @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")  // Will be Constructor<?> after JSR 292 MR
-        public MethodHandle unreflectConstructor(Constructor c) throws IllegalAccessException {
+        public MethodHandle unreflectConstructor(Constructor<?> c) throws IllegalAccessException {
             MemberName ctor = new MemberName(c);
             assert(ctor.isConstructor());
             Lookup lookup = c.isAccessible() ? IMPL_LOOKUP : this;
-            return lookup.getDirectConstructor(ctor.getDeclaringClass(), ctor);
+            return lookup.getDirectConstructorNoSecurityManager(ctor.getDeclaringClass(), ctor);
         }
 
         /**
@@ -1011,6 +1258,10 @@
          * the field.
          * If the field's {@code accessible} flag is not set,
          * access checking is performed immediately on behalf of the lookup class.
+         * <p>
+         * If the field is static, and
+         * if the returned method handle is invoked, the field's class will
+         * be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
          * @param f the reflected field
          * @return a method handle which can load values from the reflected field
          * @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails
@@ -1025,7 +1276,7 @@
                     ? MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsSetter(field.getReferenceKind())
                     : MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsGetter(field.getReferenceKind()));
             Lookup lookup = f.isAccessible() ? IMPL_LOOKUP : this;
-            return lookup.getDirectField(field.getReferenceKind(), f.getDeclaringClass(), field);
+            return lookup.getDirectFieldNoSecurityManager(field.getReferenceKind(), f.getDeclaringClass(), field);
         }
 
         /**
@@ -1037,6 +1288,10 @@
          * the field, and the value to be stored.
          * If the field's {@code accessible} flag is not set,
          * access checking is performed immediately on behalf of the lookup class.
+         * <p>
+         * If the field is static, and
+         * if the returned method handle is invoked, the field's class will
+         * be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
          * @param f the reflected field
          * @return a method handle which can store values into the reflected field
          * @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails
@@ -1047,17 +1302,21 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Cracks a direct method handle created by this lookup object or a similar one.
+         * Cracks a <a href="MethodHandleInfo.html#directmh">direct method handle</a>
+         * created by this lookup object or a similar one.
          * Security and access checks are performed to ensure that this lookup object
          * is capable of reproducing the target method handle.
          * This means that the cracking may fail if target is a direct method handle
          * but was created by an unrelated lookup object.
+         * This can happen if the method handle is <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#callsens">caller sensitive</a>
+         * and was created by a lookup object for a different class.
          * @param target a direct method handle to crack into symbolic reference components
          * @return a symbolic reference which can be used to reconstruct this method handle from this lookup object
          * @exception SecurityException if a security manager is present and it
          *                              <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">refuses access</a>
          * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the target is not a direct method handle or if access checking fails
          * @exception NullPointerException if the target is {@code null}
+         * @see MethodHandleInfo
          * @since 1.8
          */
         public MethodHandleInfo revealDirect(MethodHandle target) {
@@ -1077,11 +1336,16 @@
                 refKind = REF_invokeInterface;
             // Check SM permissions and member access before cracking.
             try {
+                checkAccess(refKind, defc, member);
                 checkSecurityManager(defc, member);
-                checkAccess(refKind, defc, member);
             } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(ex);
             }
+            if (allowedModes != TRUSTED && member.isCallerSensitive()) {
+                Class<?> callerClass = target.internalCallerClass();
+                if (!hasPrivateAccess() || callerClass != lookupClass())
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("method handle is caller sensitive: "+callerClass);
+            }
             // Produce the handle to the results.
             return new InfoFromMemberName(this, member, refKind);
         }
@@ -1090,24 +1354,43 @@
 
         MemberName resolveOrFail(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, String name, Class<?> type) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
             checkSymbolicClass(refc);  // do this before attempting to resolve
-            name.getClass(); type.getClass();  // NPE
+            name.getClass();  // NPE
+            type.getClass();  // NPE
             return IMPL_NAMES.resolveOrFail(refKind, new MemberName(refc, name, type, refKind), lookupClassOrNull(),
                                             NoSuchFieldException.class);
         }
 
         MemberName resolveOrFail(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, String name, MethodType type) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
             checkSymbolicClass(refc);  // do this before attempting to resolve
-            name.getClass(); type.getClass();  // NPE
+            name.getClass();  // NPE
+            type.getClass();  // NPE
+            checkMethodName(refKind, name);  // NPE check on name
             return IMPL_NAMES.resolveOrFail(refKind, new MemberName(refc, name, type, refKind), lookupClassOrNull(),
                                             NoSuchMethodException.class);
         }
 
+        MemberName resolveOrFail(byte refKind, MemberName member) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
+            checkSymbolicClass(member.getDeclaringClass());  // do this before attempting to resolve
+            member.getName().getClass();  // NPE
+            member.getType().getClass();  // NPE
+            return IMPL_NAMES.resolveOrFail(refKind, member, lookupClassOrNull(),
+                                            ReflectiveOperationException.class);
+        }
+
         void checkSymbolicClass(Class<?> refc) throws IllegalAccessException {
+            refc.getClass();  // NPE
             Class<?> caller = lookupClassOrNull();
             if (caller != null && !VerifyAccess.isClassAccessible(refc, caller, allowedModes))
                 throw new MemberName(refc).makeAccessException("symbolic reference class is not public", this);
         }
 
+        /** Check name for an illegal leading "&lt;" character. */
+        void checkMethodName(byte refKind, String name) throws NoSuchMethodException {
+            if (name.startsWith("<") && refKind != REF_newInvokeSpecial)
+                throw new NoSuchMethodException("illegal method name: "+name);
+        }
+
+
         /**
          * Find my trustable caller class if m is a caller sensitive method.
          * If this lookup object has private access, then the caller class is the lookupClass.
@@ -1116,8 +1399,8 @@
         Class<?> findBoundCallerClass(MemberName m) throws IllegalAccessException {
             Class<?> callerClass = null;
             if (MethodHandleNatives.isCallerSensitive(m)) {
-                // Only full-power lookup is allowed to resolve caller-sensitive methods
-                if (isFullPowerLookup()) {
+                // Only lookups with private access are allowed to resolve caller-sensitive methods
+                if (hasPrivateAccess()) {
                     callerClass = lookupClass;
                 } else {
                     throw new IllegalAccessException("Attempt to lookup caller-sensitive method using restricted lookup object");
@@ -1126,7 +1409,7 @@
             return callerClass;
         }
 
-        private boolean isFullPowerLookup() {
+        private boolean hasPrivateAccess() {
             return (allowedModes & PRIVATE) != 0;
         }
 
@@ -1141,22 +1424,21 @@
             if (allowedModes == TRUSTED)  return;
 
             // Step 1:
-            if (!isFullPowerLookup() ||
+            boolean fullPowerLookup = hasPrivateAccess();
+            if (!fullPowerLookup ||
                 !VerifyAccess.classLoaderIsAncestor(lookupClass, refc)) {
                 ReflectUtil.checkPackageAccess(refc);
             }
 
             // Step 2:
             if (m.isPublic()) return;
-            Class<?> defc = m.getDeclaringClass();
-            {
-                if (!isFullPowerLookup()) {
-                    smgr.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CHECK_MEMBER_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
-                }
+            if (!fullPowerLookup) {
+                smgr.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CHECK_MEMBER_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
             }
 
             // Step 3:
-            if (defc != refc) {
+            Class<?> defc = m.getDeclaringClass();
+            if (!fullPowerLookup && defc != refc) {
                 ReflectUtil.checkPackageAccess(defc);
             }
         }
@@ -1185,6 +1467,7 @@
             throw m.makeAccessException(message, this);
         }
 
+        /** Check public/protected/private bits on the symbolic reference class and its member. */
         void checkAccess(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName m) throws IllegalAccessException {
             assert(m.referenceKindIsConsistentWith(refKind) &&
                    MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsValid(refKind) &&
@@ -1192,6 +1475,26 @@
             int allowedModes = this.allowedModes;
             if (allowedModes == TRUSTED)  return;
             int mods = m.getModifiers();
+            if (Modifier.isProtected(mods) &&
+                    refKind == REF_invokeVirtual &&
+                    m.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class &&
+                    m.getName().equals("clone") &&
+                    refc.isArray()) {
+                // The JVM does this hack also.
+                // (See ClassVerifier::verify_invoke_instructions
+                // and LinkResolver::check_method_accessability.)
+                // Because the JVM does not allow separate methods on array types,
+                // there is no separate method for int[].clone.
+                // All arrays simply inherit Object.clone.
+                // But for access checking logic, we make Object.clone
+                // (normally protected) appear to be public.
+                // Later on, when the DirectMethodHandle is created,
+                // its leading argument will be restricted to the
+                // requested array type.
+                // N.B. The return type is not adjusted, because
+                // that is *not* the bytecode behavior.
+                mods ^= Modifier.PROTECTED | Modifier.PUBLIC;
+            }
             if (Modifier.isFinal(mods) &&
                     MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsSetter(refKind))
                 throw m.makeAccessException("unexpected set of a final field", this);
@@ -1239,7 +1542,7 @@
         private void checkSpecialCaller(Class<?> specialCaller) throws IllegalAccessException {
             int allowedModes = this.allowedModes;
             if (allowedModes == TRUSTED)  return;
-            if ((allowedModes & PRIVATE) == 0
+            if (!hasPrivateAccess()
                 || (specialCaller != lookupClass()
                     && !(ALLOW_NESTMATE_ACCESS &&
                          VerifyAccess.isSamePackageMember(specialCaller, lookupClass()))))
@@ -1271,18 +1574,32 @@
             return mh.viewAsType(narrowType);
         }
 
+        /** Check access and get the requested method. */
         private MethodHandle getDirectMethod(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName method, Class<?> callerClass) throws IllegalAccessException {
-            return getDirectMethodCommon(refKind, refc, method,
-                    (refKind == REF_invokeSpecial ||
-                        (MethodHandleNatives.refKindHasReceiver(refKind) &&
-                            restrictProtectedReceiver(method))), callerClass);
+            final boolean doRestrict    = true;
+            final boolean checkSecurity = true;
+            return getDirectMethodCommon(refKind, refc, method, checkSecurity, doRestrict, callerClass);
+        }
+        /** Check access and get the requested method, eliding receiver narrowing rules. */
+        private MethodHandle getDirectMethodNoRestrict(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName method, Class<?> callerClass) throws IllegalAccessException {
+            final boolean doRestrict    = false;
+            final boolean checkSecurity = true;
+            return getDirectMethodCommon(refKind, refc, method, checkSecurity, doRestrict, callerClass);
         }
-        private MethodHandle getDirectMethodNoRestrict(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName method, Class<?> callerClass) throws IllegalAccessException {
-            return getDirectMethodCommon(refKind, refc, method, false, callerClass);
+        /** Check access and get the requested method, eliding security manager checks. */
+        private MethodHandle getDirectMethodNoSecurityManager(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName method, Class<?> callerClass) throws IllegalAccessException {
+            final boolean doRestrict    = true;
+            final boolean checkSecurity = false;  // not needed for reflection or for linking CONSTANT_MH constants
+            return getDirectMethodCommon(refKind, refc, method, checkSecurity, doRestrict, callerClass);
         }
+        /** Common code for all methods; do not call directly except from immediately above. */
         private MethodHandle getDirectMethodCommon(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName method,
+                                                   boolean checkSecurity,
                                                    boolean doRestrict, Class<?> callerClass) throws IllegalAccessException {
             checkMethod(refKind, refc, method);
+            // Optionally check with the security manager; this isn't needed for unreflect* calls.
+            if (checkSecurity)
+                checkSecurityManager(refc, method);
             assert(!method.isMethodHandleInvoke());
 
             Class<?> refcAsSuper;
@@ -1312,7 +1629,11 @@
             MethodHandle mh = DirectMethodHandle.make(refKind, refc, method);
             mh = maybeBindCaller(method, mh, callerClass);
             mh = mh.setVarargs(method);
-            if (doRestrict)
+            // Optionally narrow the receiver argument to refc using restrictReceiver.
+            if (doRestrict &&
+                   (refKind == REF_invokeSpecial ||
+                       (MethodHandleNatives.refKindHasReceiver(refKind) &&
+                           restrictProtectedReceiver(method))))
                 mh = restrictReceiver(method, mh, lookupClass());
             return mh;
         }
@@ -1322,14 +1643,29 @@
             if (allowedModes == TRUSTED || !MethodHandleNatives.isCallerSensitive(method))
                 return mh;
             Class<?> hostClass = lookupClass;
-            if ((allowedModes & PRIVATE) == 0)  // caller must use full-power lookup
+            if (!hasPrivateAccess())  // caller must have private access
                 hostClass = callerClass;  // callerClass came from a security manager style stack walk
             MethodHandle cbmh = MethodHandleImpl.bindCaller(mh, hostClass);
             // Note: caller will apply varargs after this step happens.
             return cbmh;
         }
+        /** Check access and get the requested field. */
         private MethodHandle getDirectField(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName field) throws IllegalAccessException {
+            final boolean checkSecurity = true;
+            return getDirectFieldCommon(refKind, refc, field, checkSecurity);
+        }
+        /** Check access and get the requested field, eliding security manager checks. */
+        private MethodHandle getDirectFieldNoSecurityManager(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName field) throws IllegalAccessException {
+            final boolean checkSecurity = false;  // not needed for reflection or for linking CONSTANT_MH constants
+            return getDirectFieldCommon(refKind, refc, field, checkSecurity);
+        }
+        /** Common code for all fields; do not call directly except from immediately above. */
+        private MethodHandle getDirectFieldCommon(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName field,
+                                                  boolean checkSecurity) throws IllegalAccessException {
             checkField(refKind, refc, field);
+            // Optionally check with the security manager; this isn't needed for unreflect* calls.
+            if (checkSecurity)
+                checkSecurityManager(refc, field);
             MethodHandle mh = DirectMethodHandle.make(refc, field);
             boolean doRestrict = (MethodHandleNatives.refKindHasReceiver(refKind) &&
                                     restrictProtectedReceiver(field));
@@ -1337,9 +1673,24 @@
                 mh = restrictReceiver(field, mh, lookupClass());
             return mh;
         }
+        /** Check access and get the requested constructor. */
         private MethodHandle getDirectConstructor(Class<?> refc, MemberName ctor) throws IllegalAccessException {
+            final boolean checkSecurity = true;
+            return getDirectConstructorCommon(refc, ctor, checkSecurity);
+        }
+        /** Check access and get the requested constructor, eliding security manager checks. */
+        private MethodHandle getDirectConstructorNoSecurityManager(Class<?> refc, MemberName ctor) throws IllegalAccessException {
+            final boolean checkSecurity = false;  // not needed for reflection or for linking CONSTANT_MH constants
+            return getDirectConstructorCommon(refc, ctor, checkSecurity);
+        }
+        /** Common code for all constructors; do not call directly except from immediately above. */
+        private MethodHandle getDirectConstructorCommon(Class<?> refc, MemberName ctor,
+                                                  boolean checkSecurity) throws IllegalAccessException {
             assert(ctor.isConstructor());
             checkAccess(REF_newInvokeSpecial, refc, ctor);
+            // Optionally check with the security manager; this isn't needed for unreflect* calls.
+            if (checkSecurity)
+                checkSecurityManager(refc, ctor);
             assert(!MethodHandleNatives.isCallerSensitive(ctor));  // maybeBindCaller not relevant here
             return DirectMethodHandle.make(ctor).setVarargs(ctor);
         }
@@ -1348,29 +1699,75 @@
          */
         /*non-public*/
         MethodHandle linkMethodHandleConstant(byte refKind, Class<?> defc, String name, Object type) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
-            MemberName resolved = null;
-            if (type instanceof MemberName) {
-                resolved = (MemberName) type;
-                if (!resolved.isResolved())  throw new InternalError("unresolved MemberName");
-                assert(name == null || name.equals(resolved.getName()));
+            if (!(type instanceof Class || type instanceof MethodType))
+                throw new InternalError("unresolved MemberName");
+            MemberName member = new MemberName(refKind, defc, name, type);
+            MethodHandle mh = LOOKASIDE_TABLE.get(member);
+            if (mh != null) {
+                checkSymbolicClass(defc);
+                return mh;
+            }
+            MemberName resolved = resolveOrFail(refKind, member);
+            mh = getDirectMethodForConstant(refKind, defc, resolved);
+            if (mh instanceof DirectMethodHandle
+                    && canBeCached(refKind, defc, resolved)) {
+                MemberName key = mh.internalMemberName();
+                if (key != null) {
+                    key = key.asNormalOriginal();
+                }
+                if (member.equals(key)) {  // better safe than sorry
+                    LOOKASIDE_TABLE.put(key, (DirectMethodHandle) mh);
+                }
+            }
+            return mh;
+        }
+        private
+        boolean canBeCached(byte refKind, Class<?> defc, MemberName member) {
+            if (refKind == REF_invokeSpecial) {
+                return false;
             }
+            if (!Modifier.isPublic(defc.getModifiers()) ||
+                    !Modifier.isPublic(member.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers()) ||
+                    !member.isPublic() ||
+                    member.isCallerSensitive()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            ClassLoader loader = defc.getClassLoader();
+            if (!sun.misc.VM.isSystemDomainLoader(loader)) {
+                ClassLoader sysl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
+                boolean found = false;
+                while (sysl != null) {
+                    if (loader == sysl) { found = true; break; }
+                    sysl = sysl.getParent();
+                }
+                if (!found) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            try {
+                MemberName resolved2 = publicLookup().resolveOrFail(refKind,
+                    new MemberName(refKind, defc, member.getName(), member.getType()));
+                checkSecurityManager(defc, resolved2);
+            } catch (ReflectiveOperationException | SecurityException ex) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        private
+        MethodHandle getDirectMethodForConstant(byte refKind, Class<?> defc, MemberName member)
+                throws ReflectiveOperationException {
             if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsField(refKind)) {
-                MemberName field = (resolved != null) ? resolved
-                        : resolveOrFail(refKind, defc, name, (Class<?>) type);
-                return getDirectField(refKind, defc, field);
+                return getDirectFieldNoSecurityManager(refKind, defc, member);
             } else if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsMethod(refKind)) {
-                MemberName method = (resolved != null) ? resolved
-                        : resolveOrFail(refKind, defc, name, (MethodType) type);
-                return getDirectMethod(refKind, defc, method, lookupClass);
+                return getDirectMethodNoSecurityManager(refKind, defc, member, lookupClass);
             } else if (refKind == REF_newInvokeSpecial) {
-                assert(name == null || name.equals("<init>"));
-                MemberName ctor = (resolved != null) ? resolved
-                        : resolveOrFail(REF_newInvokeSpecial, defc, name, (MethodType) type);
-                return getDirectConstructor(defc, ctor);
+                return getDirectConstructorNoSecurityManager(defc, member);
             }
             // oops
-            throw new ReflectiveOperationException("bad MethodHandle constant #"+refKind+" "+name+" : "+type);
+            throw newIllegalArgumentException("bad MethodHandle constant #"+member);
         }
+
+        static ConcurrentHashMap<MemberName, DirectMethodHandle> LOOKASIDE_TABLE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1430,22 +1827,26 @@
      * <p>
      * Before invoking its target, the invoker will spread the final array, apply
      * reference casts as necessary, and unbox and widen primitive arguments.
+     * If, when the invoker is called, the supplied array argument does
+     * not have the correct number of elements, the invoker will throw
+     * an {@link IllegalArgumentException} instead of invoking the target.
      * <p>
      * This method is equivalent to the following code (though it may be more efficient):
-     * <p><blockquote><pre>
+     * <blockquote><pre>{@code
 MethodHandle invoker = MethodHandles.invoker(type);
 int spreadArgCount = type.parameterCount() - leadingArgCount;
 invoker = invoker.asSpreader(Object[].class, spreadArgCount);
 return invoker;
-     * </pre></blockquote>
-     * <p>
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      * This method throws no reflective or security exceptions.
      * @param type the desired target type
      * @param leadingArgCount number of fixed arguments, to be passed unchanged to the target
      * @return a method handle suitable for invoking any method handle of the given type
      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code type} is null
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code leadingArgCount} is not in
-     *                  the range from 0 to {@code type.parameterCount()} inclusive
+     *                  the range from 0 to {@code type.parameterCount()} inclusive,
+     *                  or if the resulting method handle's type would have
+     *          <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">too many parameters</a>
      */
     static public
     MethodHandle spreadInvoker(MethodType type, int leadingArgCount) {
@@ -1462,9 +1863,7 @@
      * an additional leading argument of type {@code MethodHandle}.
      * <p>
      * This method is equivalent to the following code (though it may be more efficient):
-     * <p><blockquote><pre>
-publicLookup().findVirtual(MethodHandle.class, "invokeExact", type)
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * {@code publicLookup().findVirtual(MethodHandle.class, "invokeExact", type)}
      *
      * <p style="font-size:smaller;">
      * <em>Discussion:</em>
@@ -1479,7 +1878,7 @@
      * If spreading, collecting, or other argument transformations are required,
      * they can be applied once to the invoker {@code X} and reused on many {@code M}
      * method handle values, as long as they are compatible with the type of {@code X}.
-     * <p>
+     * <p style="font-size:smaller;">
      * <em>(Note:  The invoker method is not available via the Core Reflection API.
      * An attempt to call {@linkplain java.lang.reflect.Method#invoke java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke}
      * on the declared {@code invokeExact} or {@code invoke} method will raise an
@@ -1488,6 +1887,8 @@
      * This method throws no reflective or security exceptions.
      * @param type the desired target type
      * @return a method handle suitable for invoking any method handle of the given type
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the resulting method handle's type would have
+     *          <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">too many parameters</a>
      */
     static public
     MethodHandle exactInvoker(MethodType type) {
@@ -1508,19 +1909,25 @@
      * If the target is a {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity method handle},
      * the required arity conversion will be made, again as if by {@link MethodHandle#asType asType}.
      * <p>
-     * A {@linkplain MethodType#genericMethodType general method type},
+     * This method is equivalent to the following code (though it may be more efficient):
+     * {@code publicLookup().findVirtual(MethodHandle.class, "invoke", type)}
+     * <p style="font-size:smaller;">
+     * <em>Discussion:</em>
+     * A {@linkplain MethodType#genericMethodType general method type} is one which
      * mentions only {@code Object} arguments and return values.
      * An invoker for such a type is capable of calling any method handle
      * of the same arity as the general type.
-     * <p>
-     * This method is equivalent to the following code (though it may be more efficient):
-     * <p><blockquote><pre>
-publicLookup().findVirtual(MethodHandle.class, "invoke", type)
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * <p style="font-size:smaller;">
+     * <em>(Note:  The invoker method is not available via the Core Reflection API.
+     * An attempt to call {@linkplain java.lang.reflect.Method#invoke java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke}
+     * on the declared {@code invokeExact} or {@code invoke} method will raise an
+     * {@link java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException UnsupportedOperationException}.)</em>
      * <p>
      * This method throws no reflective or security exceptions.
      * @param type the desired target type
      * @return a method handle suitable for invoking any method handle convertible to the given type
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the resulting method handle's type would have
+     *          <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">too many parameters</a>
      */
     static public
     MethodHandle invoker(MethodType type) {
@@ -1801,7 +2208,7 @@
      * they will come after.
      * <p>
      * <b>Example:</b>
-     * <p><blockquote><pre>
+     * <p><blockquote><pre>{@code
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
 ...
@@ -1812,11 +2219,11 @@
 MethodHandle d0 = dropArguments(cat, 0, bigType.parameterList().subList(0,2));
 assertEquals(bigType, d0.type());
 assertEquals("yz", (String) d0.invokeExact(123, "x", "y", "z"));
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      * <p>
      * This method is also equivalent to the following code:
      * <p><blockquote><pre>
-     * {@link #dropArguments(MethodHandle,int,Class...) dropArguments}(target, pos, valueTypes.toArray(new Class[0]))
+     * {@link #dropArguments(MethodHandle,int,Class...) dropArguments}{@code (target, pos, valueTypes.toArray(new Class[0]))}
      * </pre></blockquote>
      * @param target the method handle to invoke after the arguments are dropped
      * @param valueTypes the type(s) of the argument(s) to drop
@@ -1859,7 +2266,7 @@
      * they will come after.
      * <p>
      * <b>Example:</b>
-     * <p><blockquote><pre>
+     * <p><blockquote><pre>{@code
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
 ...
@@ -1874,11 +2281,11 @@
 assertEquals("xy", (String) d2.invokeExact("x", "y", "z"));
 MethodHandle d12 = dropArguments(cat, 1, int.class, boolean.class);
 assertEquals("xz", (String) d12.invokeExact("x", 12, true, "z"));
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      * <p>
      * This method is also equivalent to the following code:
      * <p><blockquote><pre>
-     * {@link #dropArguments(MethodHandle,int,List) dropArguments}(target, pos, Arrays.asList(valueTypes))
+     * {@link #dropArguments(MethodHandle,int,List) dropArguments}{@code (target, pos, Arrays.asList(valueTypes))}
      * </pre></blockquote>
      * @param target the method handle to invoke after the arguments are dropped
      * @param valueTypes the type(s) of the argument(s) to drop
@@ -1889,7 +2296,8 @@
      *                              or if the {@code valueTypes} array or any of its elements is null
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any element of {@code valueTypes} is {@code void.class},
      *                  or if {@code pos} is negative or greater than the arity of the target,
-     *                  or if the new method handle's type would have too many parameters
+     *                  or if the new method handle's type would have
+     *                  <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">too many parameters</a>
      */
     public static
     MethodHandle dropArguments(MethodHandle target, int pos, Class<?>... valueTypes) {
@@ -1923,8 +2331,8 @@
      * It is an error if there are elements of {@code filters}
      * (null or not)
      * which do not correspond to argument positions in the target.
-     * <b>Example:</b>
-     * <p><blockquote><pre>
+     * <p><b>Example:</b>
+     * <p><blockquote><pre>{@code
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
 ...
@@ -1939,15 +2347,15 @@
 assertEquals("xY", (String) f1.invokeExact("x", "y")); // xY
 MethodHandle f2 = filterArguments(cat, 0, upcase, upcase);
 assertEquals("XY", (String) f2.invokeExact("x", "y")); // XY
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      * <p> Here is pseudocode for the resulting adapter:
-     * <blockquote><pre>
+     * <blockquote><pre>{@code
      * V target(P... p, A[i]... a[i], B... b);
      * A[i] filter[i](V[i]);
      * T adapter(P... p, V[i]... v[i], B... b) {
      *   return target(p..., f[i](v[i])..., b...);
      * }
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      *
      * @param target the method handle to invoke after arguments are filtered
      * @param pos the position of the first argument to filter
@@ -1957,7 +2365,9 @@
      *                              or if the {@code filters} array is null
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a non-null element of {@code filters}
      *          does not match a corresponding argument type of target as described above,
-     *          or if the {@code pos+filters.length} is greater than {@code target.type().parameterCount()}
+     *          or if the {@code pos+filters.length} is greater than {@code target.type().parameterCount()},
+     *          or if the resulting method handle's type would have
+     *          <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">too many parameters</a>
      */
     public static
     MethodHandle filterArguments(MethodHandle target, int pos, MethodHandle... filters) {
@@ -1989,15 +2399,120 @@
         return MethodHandleImpl.makeCollectArguments(target, filter, pos, false);
     }
 
-    // FIXME: Make this public in M1.
-    /*non-public*/ static
-    MethodHandle collectArguments(MethodHandle target, int pos, MethodHandle collector) {
+    /**
+     * Adapts a target method handle by pre-processing
+     * a sub-sequence of its arguments with a filter (another method handle).
+     * The pre-processed arguments are replaced by the result (if any) of the
+     * filter function.
+     * The target is then called on the modified (usually shortened) argument list.
+     * <p>
+     * If the filter returns a value, the target must accept that value as
+     * its argument in position {@code pos}, preceded and/or followed by
+     * any arguments not passed to the filter.
+     * If the filter returns void, the target must accept all arguments
+     * not passed to the filter.
+     * No arguments are reordered, and a result returned from the filter
+     * replaces (in order) the whole subsequence of arguments originally
+     * passed to the adapter.
+     * <p>
+     * The argument types (if any) of the filter
+     * replace zero or one argument types of the target, at position {@code pos},
+     * in the resulting adapted method handle.
+     * The return type of the filter (if any) must be identical to the
+     * argument type of the target at position {@code pos}, and that target argument
+     * is supplied by the return value of the filter.
+     * <p>
+     * In all cases, {@code pos} must be greater than or equal to zero, and
+     * {@code pos} must also be less than or equal to the target's arity.
+     * <p><b>Example:</b>
+     * <p><blockquote><pre>{@code
+import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
+import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
+...
+MethodHandle deepToString = publicLookup()
+  .findStatic(Arrays.class, "deepToString", methodType(String.class, Object[].class));
+
+MethodHandle ts1 = deepToString.asCollector(String[].class, 1);
+assertEquals("[strange]", (String) ts1.invokeExact("strange"));
+
+MethodHandle ts2 = deepToString.asCollector(String[].class, 2);
+assertEquals("[up, down]", (String) ts2.invokeExact("up", "down"));
+
+MethodHandle ts3 = deepToString.asCollector(String[].class, 3);
+MethodHandle ts3_ts2 = collectArguments(ts3, 1, ts2);
+assertEquals("[top, [up, down], strange]",
+             (String) ts3_ts2.invokeExact("top", "up", "down", "strange"));
+
+MethodHandle ts3_ts2_ts1 = collectArguments(ts3_ts2, 3, ts1);
+assertEquals("[top, [up, down], [strange]]",
+             (String) ts3_ts2_ts1.invokeExact("top", "up", "down", "strange"));
+
+MethodHandle ts3_ts2_ts3 = collectArguments(ts3_ts2, 1, ts3);
+assertEquals("[top, [[up, down, strange], charm], bottom]",
+             (String) ts3_ts2_ts3.invokeExact("top", "up", "down", "strange", "charm", "bottom"));
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
+     * <p> Here is pseudocode for the resulting adapter:
+     * <blockquote><pre>{@code
+     * T target(A...,V,C...);
+     * V filter(B...);
+     * T adapter(A... a,B... b,C... c) {
+     *   V v = filter(b...);
+     *   return target(a...,v,c...);
+     * }
+     * // and if the filter has no arguments:
+     * T target2(A...,V,C...);
+     * V filter2();
+     * T adapter2(A... a,C... c) {
+     *   V v = filter2();
+     *   return target2(a...,v,c...);
+     * }
+     * // and if the filter has a void return:
+     * T target3(A...,C...);
+     * void filter3(B...);
+     * void adapter3(A... a,B... b,C... c) {
+     *   filter3(b...);
+     *   return target3(a...,c...);
+     * }
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
+     * <p>
+     * A collection adapter {@code collectArguments(mh, 0, coll)} is equivalent to
+     * one which first "folds" the affected arguments, and then drops them, in separate
+     * steps as follows:
+     * <blockquote><pre>{@code
+     * mh = MethodHandles.dropArguments(mh, 1, coll.type().parameterList()); //step 2
+     * mh = MethodHandles.foldArguments(mh, coll); //step 1
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
+     * If the target method handle consumes no arguments besides than the result
+     * (if any) of the filter {@code coll}, then {@code collectArguments(mh, 0, coll)}
+     * is equivalent to {@code filterReturnValue(coll, mh)}.
+     * If the filter method handle {@code coll} consumes one argument and produces
+     * a non-void result, then {@code collectArguments(mh, N, coll)}
+     * is equivalent to {@code filterArguments(mh, N, coll)}.
+     * Other equivalences are possible but would require argument permutation.
+     *
+     * @param target the method handle to invoke after filtering the subsequence of arguments
+     * @param pos the position of the first adapter argument to pass to the filter,
+     *            and/or the target argument which receives the result of the filter
+     * @param filter method handle to call on the subsequence of arguments
+     * @return method handle which incorporates the specified argument subsequence filtering logic
+     * @throws NullPointerException if either argument is null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the return type of {@code filter}
+     *          is non-void and is not the same as the {@code pos} argument of the target,
+     *          or if {@code pos} is not between 0 and the target's arity, inclusive,
+     *          or if the resulting method handle's type would have
+     *          <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">too many parameters</a>
+     * @see MethodHandles#foldArguments
+     * @see MethodHandles#filterArguments
+     * @see MethodHandles#filterReturnValue
+     */
+    public static
+    MethodHandle collectArguments(MethodHandle target, int pos, MethodHandle filter) {
         MethodType targetType = target.type();
-        MethodType filterType = collector.type();
+        MethodType filterType = filter.type();
         if (filterType.returnType() != void.class &&
             filterType.returnType() != targetType.parameterType(pos))
             throw newIllegalArgumentException("target and filter types do not match", targetType, filterType);
-        return MethodHandleImpl.makeCollectArguments(target, collector, pos, false);
+        return MethodHandleImpl.makeCollectArguments(target, filter, pos, false);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2014,8 +2529,8 @@
      * in the resulting adapted method handle.
      * The argument type of the filter (if any) must be identical to the
      * return type of the target.
-     * <b>Example:</b>
-     * <p><blockquote><pre>
+     * <p><b>Example:</b>
+     * <p><blockquote><pre>{@code
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
 ...
@@ -2026,9 +2541,9 @@
 System.out.println((String) cat.invokeExact("x", "y")); // xy
 MethodHandle f0 = filterReturnValue(cat, length);
 System.out.println((int) f0.invokeExact("x", "y")); // 2
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      * <p> Here is pseudocode for the resulting adapter:
-     * <blockquote><pre>
+     * <blockquote><pre>{@code
      * V target(A...);
      * T filter(V);
      * T adapter(A... a) {
@@ -2049,7 +2564,7 @@
      *   V v = target3(a...);
      *   filter3(v);
      * }
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      * @param target the method handle to invoke before filtering the return value
      * @param filter method handle to call on the return value
      * @return method handle which incorporates the specified return value filtering logic
@@ -2105,8 +2620,8 @@
      * consider using {@link MethodHandle#asCollector asCollector} instead, since those
      * arguments will not need to be live on the stack on entry to the
      * target.)
-     * <b>Example:</b>
-     * <p><blockquote><pre>
+     * <p><b>Example:</b>
+     * <p><blockquote><pre>{@code
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
 ...
@@ -2119,9 +2634,9 @@
 MethodHandle catTrace = foldArguments(cat, trace);
 // also prints "boo":
 assertEquals("boojum", (String) catTrace.invokeExact("boo", "jum"));
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      * <p> Here is pseudocode for the resulting adapter:
-     * <blockquote><pre>
+     * <blockquote><pre>{@code
      * // there are N arguments in A...
      * T target(V, A[N]..., B...);
      * V combiner(A...);
@@ -2136,7 +2651,7 @@
      *   combiner2(a...);
      *   return target2(a..., b...);
      * }
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      * @param target the method handle to invoke after arguments are combined
      * @param combiner method handle to call initially on the incoming arguments
      * @return method handle which incorporates the specified argument folding logic
@@ -2179,7 +2694,7 @@
      * of the test must be boolean, and the test is allowed
      * to have fewer arguments than the other two method handles.
      * <p> Here is pseudocode for the resulting adapter:
-     * <blockquote><pre>
+     * <blockquote><pre>{@code
      * boolean test(A...);
      * T target(A...,B...);
      * T fallback(A...,B...);
@@ -2189,7 +2704,7 @@
      *   else
      *     return fallback(a..., b...);
      * }
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      * Note that the test arguments ({@code a...} in the pseudocode) cannot
      * be modified by execution of the test, and so are passed unchanged
      * from the caller to the target or fallback as appropriate.
@@ -2241,7 +2756,7 @@
      * (similarly to the predicate in {@link #guardWithTest guardWithTest}).
      * Also, the handler must have an extra leading parameter of {@code exType} or a supertype.
      * <p> Here is pseudocode for the resulting adapter:
-     * <blockquote><pre>
+     * <blockquote><pre>{@code
      * T target(A..., B...);
      * T handler(ExType, A...);
      * T adapter(A... a, B... b) {
@@ -2251,7 +2766,7 @@
      *     return handler(ex, a...);
      *   }
      * }
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      * Note that the saved arguments ({@code a...} in the pseudocode) cannot
      * be modified by execution of the target, and so are passed unchanged
      * from the caller to the handler, if the handler is invoked.
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodType.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodType.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -77,7 +77,8 @@
  * A method type may be loaded by an {@code ldc} instruction which refers
  * to a suitable {@code CONSTANT_MethodType} constant pool entry.
  * The entry refers to a {@code CONSTANT_Utf8} spelling for the descriptor string.
- * For more details, see the <a href="package-summary.html#mtcon">package summary</a>.
+ * (For full details on method type constants,
+ * see sections 4.4.8 and 5.4.3.5 of the Java Virtual Machine Specification.)
  * <p>
  * When the JVM materializes a {@code MethodType} from a descriptor string,
  * all classes named in the descriptor must be accessible, and will be loaded.
@@ -94,9 +95,9 @@
     private final Class<?>[] ptypes;
 
     // The remaining fields are caches of various sorts:
-    private MethodTypeForm form; // erased form, plus cached data about primitives
-    private MethodType wrapAlt;  // alternative wrapped/unwrapped version
-    private Invokers invokers;   // cache of handy higher-order adapters
+    private @Stable MethodTypeForm form; // erased form, plus cached data about primitives
+    private @Stable MethodType wrapAlt;  // alternative wrapped/unwrapped version
+    private @Stable Invokers invokers;   // cache of handy higher-order adapters
 
     /**
      * Check the given parameters for validity and store them into the final fields.
@@ -940,10 +941,10 @@
      * Instead, the return type and parameter type arrays are written directly
      * from the {@code writeObject} method, using two calls to {@code s.writeObject}
      * as follows:
-     * <blockquote><pre>
+     * <blockquote><pre>{@code
 s.writeObject(this.returnType());
 s.writeObject(this.parameterArray());
-     * </pre></blockquote>
+     * }</pre></blockquote>
      * <p>
      * The deserialized field values are checked as if they were
      * provided to the factory method {@link #methodType(Class,Class[]) methodType}.
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodTypeForm.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodTypeForm.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import sun.invoke.util.Wrapper;
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.*;
 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleNatives.Constants.*;
+ import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup.IMPL_LOOKUP;
 
 /**
  * Shared information for a group of method types, which differ
@@ -51,12 +52,13 @@
     final MethodType basicType;         // the canonical erasure, with primitives simplified
 
     // Cached adapter information:
-    /*lazy*/ MethodHandle genericInvoker; // JVM hook for inexact invoke
-    /*lazy*/ MethodHandle basicInvoker;   // cached instance of MH.invokeBasic
-    /*lazy*/ MethodHandle namedFunctionInvoker; // cached helper for LF.NamedFunction
+    @Stable String typeString;           // argument type signature characters
+    @Stable MethodHandle genericInvoker; // JVM hook for inexact invoke
+    @Stable MethodHandle basicInvoker;   // cached instance of MH.invokeBasic
+    @Stable MethodHandle namedFunctionInvoker; // cached helper for LF.NamedFunction
 
     // Cached lambda form information, for basic types only:
-    final LambdaForm[] lambdaForms;
+    final @Stable LambdaForm[] lambdaForms;
     // Indexes into lambdaForms:
     static final int
             LF_INVVIRTUAL     =  0,  // DMH invokeVirtual
@@ -73,7 +75,8 @@
             LF_GEN_LINKER     = 11,
             LF_GEN_INVOKER    = 12,
             LF_CS_LINKER      = 13,  // linkToCallSite_CS
-            LF_LIMIT          = 14;
+            LF_MH_LINKER      = 14,  // linkToCallSite_MH
+            LF_LIMIT          = 15;
 
     public MethodType erasedType() {
         return erasedType;
@@ -96,11 +99,24 @@
         assert(erasedType == basicType) : "erasedType: " + erasedType + " != basicType: " + basicType;  // primitives must be flattened also
         MethodHandle invoker = basicInvoker;
         if (invoker != null)  return invoker;
-        invoker = basicType.invokers().makeBasicInvoker();
+        invoker = DirectMethodHandle.make(invokeBasicMethod(basicType));
         basicInvoker = invoker;
         return invoker;
     }
 
+    // This next one is called from LambdaForm.NamedFunction.<init>.
+    /*non-public*/ static MemberName invokeBasicMethod(MethodType basicType) {
+        assert(basicType == basicType.basicType());
+        try {
+            // Do approximately the same as this public API call:
+            //   Lookup.findVirtual(MethodHandle.class, name, type);
+            // But bypass access and corner case checks, since we know exactly what we need.
+            return IMPL_LOOKUP.resolveOrFail(REF_invokeVirtual, MethodHandle.class, "invokeBasic", basicType);
+         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
+            throw newInternalError("JVM cannot find invoker for "+basicType, ex);
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Build an MTF for a given type, which must have all references erased to Object.
      * This MTF will stand for that type and all un-erased variations.
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MutableCallSite.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MutableCallSite.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
  * Here is an example of a mutable call site which introduces a
  * state variable into a method handle chain.
  * <!-- JavaDocExamplesTest.testMutableCallSite -->
- * <blockquote><pre>
+ * <blockquote><pre>{@code
 MutableCallSite name = new MutableCallSite(MethodType.methodType(String.class));
 MethodHandle MH_name = name.dynamicInvoker();
 MethodType MT_str1 = MethodType.methodType(String.class);
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@
 name.setTarget(MethodHandles.constant(String.class, "Fred"));
 assertEquals("FRED", (String) worker1.invokeExact());
 // (mutation can be continued indefinitely)
- * </pre></blockquote>
+ * }</pre></blockquote>
  * <p>
  * The same call site may be used in several places at once.
- * <blockquote><pre>
+ * <blockquote><pre>{@code
 MethodType MT_str2 = MethodType.methodType(String.class, String.class);
 MethodHandle MH_cat = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
   "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 name.setTarget(MethodHandles.constant(String.class, "Wilma"));
 assertEquals("WILMA", (String) worker1.invokeExact());
 assertEquals("Wilma, dear?", (String) worker2.invokeExact());
- * </pre></blockquote>
+ * }</pre></blockquote>
  * <p>
  * <em>Non-synchronization of target values:</em>
  * A write to a mutable call site's target does not force other threads
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/Stable.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package java.lang.invoke;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.*;
+
+/**
+ * A field may be annotated as stable if all of its component variables
+ * changes value at most once.
+ * A field's value counts as its component value.
+ * If the field is typed as an array, then all the non-null components
+ * of the array, of depth up to the rank of the field's array type,
+ * also count as component values.
+ * By extension, any variable (either array or field) which has annotated
+ * as stable is called a stable variable, and its non-null or non-zero
+ * value is called a stable value.
+ * <p>
+ * Since all fields begin with a default value of null for references
+ * (resp., zero for primitives), it follows that this annotation indicates
+ * that the first non-null (resp., non-zero) value stored in the field
+ * will never be changed.
+ * <p>
+ * If the field is not of an array type, there are no array elements,
+ * then the value indicated as stable is simply the value of the field.
+ * If the dynamic type of the field value is an array but the static type
+ * is not, the components of the array are <em>not</em> regarded as stable.
+ * <p>
+ * If the field is an array type, then both the field value and
+ * all the components of the field value (if the field value is non-null)
+ * are indicated to be stable.
+ * If the field type is an array type with rank {@code N &gt; 1},
+ * then each component of the field value (if the field value is non-null),
+ * is regarded as a stable array of rank {@code N-1}.
+ * <p>
+ * Fields which are declared {@code final} may also be annotated as stable.
+ * Since final fields already behave as stable values, such an annotation
+ * indicates no additional information, unless the type of the field is
+ * an array type.
+ * <p>
+ * It is (currently) undefined what happens if a field annotated as stable
+ * is given a third value.  In practice, if the JVM relies on this annotation
+ * to promote a field reference to a constant, it may be that the Java memory
+ * model would appear to be broken, if such a constant (the second value of the field)
+ * is used as the value of the field even after the field value has changed.
+ */
+/* package-private */
+@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
+@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+@interface Stable {
+}
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/SwitchPoint.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/SwitchPoint.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
  * At that point {@code guardWithTest} may ignore {@code T} and return {@code F}.
  * <p>
  * Here is an example of a switch point in action:
- * <blockquote><pre>
+ * <blockquote><pre>{@code
 MethodHandle MH_strcat = MethodHandles.lookup()
     .findVirtual(String.class, "concat", MethodType.methodType(String.class, String.class));
 SwitchPoint spt = new SwitchPoint();
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
 SwitchPoint.invalidateAll(new SwitchPoint[]{ spt });
 assert(spt.hasBeenInvalidated());
 assertEquals("hodmet", (String) worker.invokeExact("met", "hod"));
- * </pre></blockquote>
+ * }</pre></blockquote>
  * <p style="font-size:smaller;">
  * <em>Discussion:</em>
  * Switch points are useful without subclassing.  They may also be subclassed.
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
  * <em>Implementation Note:</em>
  * A switch point behaves as if implemented on top of {@link MutableCallSite},
  * approximately as follows:
- * <blockquote><pre>
+ * <blockquote><pre>{@code
 public class SwitchPoint {
   private static final MethodHandle
     K_true  = MethodHandles.constant(boolean.class, true),
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
     MutableCallSite.syncAll(mcss.toArray(new MutableCallSite[0]));
   }
 }
- * </pre></blockquote>
+ * }</pre></blockquote>
  * @author Remi Forax, JSR 292 EG
  */
 public class SwitchPoint {
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedArrayType.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedArrayType.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -27,17 +27,18 @@
 
 
 /**
- * AnnotatedArrayType represents the use of an array type, whose component
- * type may itself represent the annotated use of a type.
+ * {@code AnnotatedArrayType} represents the potentially annotated use of an
+ * array type, whose component type may itself represent the annotated use of a
+ * type.
  *
  * @since 1.8
  */
 public interface AnnotatedArrayType extends AnnotatedType {
 
     /**
-     * Returns the annotated generic component type of this array type.
+     * Returns the potentially annotated generic component type of this array type.
      *
-     * @return the annotated generic component type of this array type
+     * @return the potentially annotated generic component type of this array type
      */
     AnnotatedType  getAnnotatedGenericComponentType();
 }
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedParameterizedType.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedParameterizedType.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -26,17 +26,18 @@
 package java.lang.reflect;
 
 /**
- * AnnotatedParameterizedType represents the use of a parameterized type,
- * whose type arguments may themselves represent annotated uses of types.
+ * {@code AnnotatedParameterizedType} represents the potentially annotated use
+ * of a parameterized type, whose type arguments may themselves represent
+ * annotated uses of types.
  *
  * @since 1.8
  */
 public interface AnnotatedParameterizedType extends AnnotatedType {
 
     /**
-     * Returns the annotated actual type arguments of this parameterized type.
+     * Returns the potentially annotated actual type arguments of this parameterized type.
      *
-     * @return the annotated actual type arguments of this parameterized type
+     * @return the potentially annotated actual type arguments of this parameterized type
      */
     AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedActualTypeArguments();
 }
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedType.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedType.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@
 package java.lang.reflect;
 
 /**
- * AnnotatedType represents the annotated use of a type in the program
- * currently running in this VM. The use may be of any type in the Java
- * programming language, including an array type, a parameterized type, a type
- * variable, or a wildcard type.
+ * {@code AnnotatedType} represents the potentially annotated use of a type in
+ * the program currently running in this VM. The use may be of any type in the
+ * Java programming language, including an array type, a parameterized type, a
+ * type variable, or a wildcard type.
  *
  * @since 1.8
  */
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedTypeVariable.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedTypeVariable.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -26,18 +26,18 @@
 package java.lang.reflect;
 
 /**
- * AnnotatedTypeVariable represents the use of a type variable, whose
- * declaration may have bounds which themselves represent annotated uses of
- * types.
+ * {@code AnnotatedTypeVariable} represents the potentially annotated use of a
+ * type variable, whose declaration may have bounds which themselves represent
+ * annotated uses of types.
  *
  * @since 1.8
  */
 public interface AnnotatedTypeVariable extends AnnotatedType {
 
     /**
-     * Returns the annotated bounds of this type variable.
+     * Returns the potentially annotated bounds of this type variable.
      *
-     * @return the annotated bounds of this type variable
+     * @return the potentially annotated bounds of this type variable
      */
     AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedBounds();
 }
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedWildcardType.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedWildcardType.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -26,24 +26,25 @@
 package java.lang.reflect;
 
 /**
- * AnnotatedWildcardType represents the use of a wildcard type argument, whose
- * upper or lower bounds may themselves represent annotated uses of types.
+ * {@code AnnotatedWildcardType} represents the potentially annotated use of a
+ * wildcard type argument, whose upper or lower bounds may themselves represent
+ * annotated uses of types.
  *
  * @since 1.8
  */
 public interface AnnotatedWildcardType extends AnnotatedType {
 
     /**
-     * Returns the annotated lower bounds of this wildcard type.
+     * Returns the potentially annotated lower bounds of this wildcard type.
      *
-     * @return the annotated lower bounds of this wildcard type
+     * @return the potentially annotated lower bounds of this wildcard type
      */
     AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedLowerBounds();
 
     /**
-     * Returns the annotated upper bounds of this wildcard type.
+     * Returns the potentially annotated upper bounds of this wildcard type.
      *
-     * @return the annotated upper bounds of this wildcard type
+     * @return the potentially annotated upper bounds of this wildcard type
      */
     AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedUpperBounds();
 }
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Constructor.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Constructor.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -67,8 +67,6 @@
     private transient ConstructorRepository genericInfo;
     private byte[]              annotations;
     private byte[]              parameterAnnotations;
-    // This is set by the vm at Constructor creation
-    private byte[]              typeAnnotations;
 
     // Generics infrastructure
     // Accessor for factory
@@ -141,8 +139,6 @@
         res.root = this;
         // Might as well eagerly propagate this if already present
         res.constructorAccessor = constructorAccessor;
-
-        res.typeAnnotations = typeAnnotations;
         return res;
     }
 
@@ -155,10 +151,6 @@
     byte[] getAnnotationBytes() {
         return annotations;
     }
-    @Override
-    byte[] getTypeAnnotationBytes() {
-        return typeAnnotations;
-    }
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Executable.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Executable.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@
      * Accessor method to allow code sharing
      */
     abstract byte[] getAnnotationBytes();
-    abstract byte[] getTypeAnnotationBytes();
 
     /**
      * Does the Executable have generic information.
@@ -287,12 +286,14 @@
      * this object.  Returns an array of length 0 if the executable
      * has no parameters.
      *
-     * The parameters of the underlying executable do not necessarily
+     * <p>The parameters of the underlying executable do not necessarily
      * have unique names, or names that are legal identifiers in the
      * Java programming language (JLS 3.8).
      *
+     * @throws MalformedParametersException if the class file contains
+     * a MethodParameters attribute that is improperly formatted.
      * @return an array of {@code Parameter} objects representing all
-     * the parameters to the executable this object represents
+     * the parameters to the executable this object represents.
      */
     public Parameter[] getParameters() {
         // TODO: This may eventually need to be guarded by security
@@ -316,6 +317,30 @@
         return out;
     }
 
+    private void verifyParameters(final Parameter[] parameters) {
+        final int mask = Modifier.FINAL | Modifier.SYNTHETIC | Modifier.MANDATED;
+
+        if (getParameterTypes().length != parameters.length)
+            throw new MalformedParametersException("Wrong number of parameters in MethodParameters attribute");
+
+        for (Parameter parameter : parameters) {
+            final String name = parameter.getRealName();
+            final int mods = parameter.getModifiers();
+
+            if (name != null) {
+                if (name.isEmpty() || name.indexOf('.') != -1 ||
+                    name.indexOf(';') != -1 || name.indexOf('[') != -1 ||
+                    name.indexOf('/') != -1) {
+                    throw new MalformedParametersException("Invalid parameter name \"" + name + "\"");
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (mods != (mods & mask)) {
+                throw new MalformedParametersException("Invalid parameter modifiers");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     private Parameter[] privateGetParameters() {
         // Use tmp to avoid multiple writes to a volatile.
         Parameter[] tmp = parameters;
@@ -323,7 +348,12 @@
         if (tmp == null) {
 
             // Otherwise, go to the JVM to get them
-            tmp = getParameters0();
+            try {
+                tmp = getParameters0();
+            } catch(IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                // Rethrow ClassFormatErrors
+                throw new MalformedParametersException("Invalid constant pool index");
+            }
 
             // If we get back nothing, then synthesize parameters
             if (tmp == null) {
@@ -331,6 +361,7 @@
                 tmp = synthesizeAllParams();
             } else {
                 hasRealParameterData = true;
+                verifyParameters(tmp);
             }
 
             parameters = tmp;
@@ -352,6 +383,12 @@
     private transient volatile Parameter[] parameters;
 
     private native Parameter[] getParameters0();
+    private native byte[] getTypeAnnotationBytes0();
+
+    // Needed by reflectaccess
+    byte[] getTypeAnnotationBytes() {
+        return getTypeAnnotationBytes0();
+    }
 
     /**
      * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects that represent the
@@ -514,18 +551,20 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns an AnnotatedType object that represents the use of a type to
+     * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a type to
      * specify the return type of the method/constructor represented by this
      * Executable.
      *
-     * If this Executable represents a constructor, the AnnotatedType object
-     * represents the type of the constructed object.
+     * If this {@code Executable} object represents a constructor, the {@code
+     * AnnotatedType} object represents the type of the constructed object.
      *
-     * If this Executable represents a method, the AnnotatedType object
-     * represents the use of a type to specify the return type of the method.
+     * If this {@code Executable} object represents a method, the {@code
+     * AnnotatedType} object represents the use of a type to specify the return
+     * type of the method.
      *
-     * @return an object representing the return type of this method
-     * or constructor
+     * @return an object representing the return type of the method
+     * or constructor represented by this {@code Executable}
+     *
      * @since 1.8
      */
     public abstract AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType();
@@ -539,7 +578,7 @@
      * @since 1.8
      */
     AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType0(Type returnType) {
-        return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes(),
+        return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
                 sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
                         getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
                 this,
@@ -549,25 +588,30 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns an AnnotatedType object that represents the use of a type to
-     * specify the receiver type of the method/constructor represented by this
-     * Executable. The receiver type of a method/constructor is available only
-     * if the method/constructor declares a formal parameter called 'this'.
+     * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a
+     * type to specify the receiver type of the method/constructor represented
+     * by this Executable object. The receiver type of a method/constructor is
+     * available only if the method/constructor has a <em>receiver
+     * parameter</em> (JLS 8.4.1).
      *
-     * Returns null if this Executable represents a constructor or instance
-     * method that either declares no formal parameter called 'this', or
-     * declares a formal parameter called 'this' with no annotations on its
-     * type.
+     * If this {@code Executable} object represents a constructor or instance
+     * method that does not have a receiver parameter, or has a receiver
+     * parameter with no annotations on its type, then the return value is an
+     * {@code AnnotatedType} object representing an element with no
+     * annotations.
      *
-     * Returns null if this Executable represents a static method.
+     * If this {@code Executable} object represents a static method, then the
+     * return value is null.
      *
-     * @return an object representing the receiver type of the
-     * method or constructor represented by this Executable
+     * @return an object representing the receiver type of the method or
+     * constructor represented by this {@code Executable}
      *
      * @since 1.8
      */
     public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReceiverType() {
-        return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes(),
+        if (Modifier.isStatic(this.getModifiers()))
+            return null;
+        return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
                 sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
                         getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
                 this,
@@ -577,8 +621,8 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns an array of AnnotatedType objects that represent the use of
-     * types to specify formal parameter types of the method/constructor
+     * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
+     * of types to specify formal parameter types of the method/constructor
      * represented by this Executable. The order of the objects in the array
      * corresponds to the order of the formal parameter types in the
      * declaration of the method/constructor.
@@ -587,12 +631,13 @@
      * parameters.
      *
      * @return an array of objects representing the types of the
-     * formal parameters of this method or constructor
+     * formal parameters of the method or constructor represented by this
+     * {@code Executable}
      *
      * @since 1.8
      */
     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedParameterTypes() {
-        return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedTypes(getTypeAnnotationBytes(),
+        return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedTypes(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
                 sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
                         getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
                 this,
@@ -602,8 +647,8 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns an array of AnnotatedType objects that represent the use of
-     * types to specify the declared exceptions of the method/constructor
+     * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
+     * of types to specify the declared exceptions of the method/constructor
      * represented by this Executable. The order of the objects in the array
      * corresponds to the order of the exception types in the declaration of
      * the method/constructor.
@@ -612,12 +657,13 @@
      * exceptions.
      *
      * @return an array of objects representing the declared
-     * exceptions of this method or constructor
+     * exceptions of the method or constructor represented by this {@code
+     * Executable}
      *
      * @since 1.8
      */
     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedExceptionTypes() {
-        return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedTypes(getTypeAnnotationBytes(),
+        return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedTypes(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
                 sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
                         getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
                 this,
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Field.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Field.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -82,8 +82,6 @@
     // currently only two levels deep (i.e., one root Field and
     // potentially many Field objects pointing to it.)
     private Field               root;
-    // This is set by the vm at Field creation
-    private byte[]              typeAnnotations;
 
     // Generics infrastructure
 
@@ -149,7 +147,6 @@
         res.fieldAccessor = fieldAccessor;
         res.overrideFieldAccessor = overrideFieldAccessor;
 
-        res.typeAnnotations = typeAnnotations;
         return res;
     }
 
@@ -1148,6 +1145,8 @@
         return declaredAnnotations;
     }
 
+    private native byte[] getTypeAnnotationBytes0();
+
     /**
      * Returns an AnnotatedType object that represents the use of a type to specify
      * the declared type of the field represented by this Field.
@@ -1157,7 +1156,7 @@
      * @since 1.8
      */
     public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedType() {
-        return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(typeAnnotations,
+        return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
                                                        sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
                                                            getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
                                                        this,
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/MalformedParametersException.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package java.lang.reflect;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when {@link java.lang.reflect.Executable#getParameters the
+ * java.lang.reflect package} attempts to read method parameters from
+ * a class file and determines that one or more parameters are
+ * malformed.
+ *
+ * <p>The following is a list of conditions under which this exception
+ * can be thrown:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li> The number of parameters (parameter_count) is wrong for the method
+ * <li> A constant pool index is out of bounds.
+ * <li> A constant pool index does not refer to a UTF-8 entry
+ * <li> A parameter's name is "", or contains an illegal character
+ * <li> The flags field contains an illegal flag (something other than
+ *     FINAL, SYNTHETIC, or MANDATED)
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * See {@link java.lang.reflect.Executable#getParameters} for more
+ * information.
+ *
+ * @see java.lang.reflect.Executable#getParameters
+ * @since 1.8
+ */
+public class MalformedParametersException extends RuntimeException {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 20130919L;
+
+    public MalformedParametersException() {}
+
+    public MalformedParametersException(String reason) {
+        super(reason);
+    }
+}
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Method.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Method.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -80,8 +80,6 @@
     // currently only two levels deep (i.e., one root Method and
     // potentially many Method objects pointing to it.)
     private Method              root;
-    // This is set by the vm at Method creation
-    private byte[]              typeAnnotations;
 
     // Generics infrastructure
     private String getGenericSignature() {return signature;}
@@ -152,8 +150,6 @@
         res.root = this;
         // Might as well eagerly propagate this if already present
         res.methodAccessor = methodAccessor;
-
-        res.typeAnnotations = typeAnnotations;
         return res;
     }
 
@@ -166,10 +162,6 @@
     byte[] getAnnotationBytes() {
         return annotations;
     }
-    @Override
-    byte[] getTypeAnnotationBytes() {
-        return typeAnnotations;
-    }
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Parameter.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Parameter.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
      * to the class file.
      */
     public boolean isNamePresent() {
-        return executable.hasRealParameterData();
+        return executable.hasRealParameterData() && name != null;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -182,6 +182,11 @@
             return name;
     }
 
+    // Package-private accessor to the real name field.
+    String getRealName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns a {@code Type} object that identifies the parameterized
      * type for the parameter represented by this {@code Parameter}
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/nio/file/Files.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/nio/file/Files.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -2128,7 +2128,7 @@
     /**
      * Tests whether a file is a symbolic link.
      *
-     * <p> Where is it required to distinguish an I/O exception from the case
+     * <p> Where it is required to distinguish an I/O exception from the case
      * that the file is not a symbolic link then the file attributes can be
      * read with the {@link #readAttributes(Path,Class,LinkOption[])
      * readAttributes} method and the file type tested with the {@link
@@ -2164,7 +2164,7 @@
      * of the link is read. If the option {@link LinkOption#NOFOLLOW_LINKS
      * NOFOLLOW_LINKS} is present then symbolic links are not followed.
      *
-     * <p> Where is it required to distinguish an I/O exception from the case
+     * <p> Where it is required to distinguish an I/O exception from the case
      * that the file is not a directory then the file attributes can be
      * read with the {@link #readAttributes(Path,Class,LinkOption[])
      * readAttributes} method and the file type tested with the {@link
@@ -2201,7 +2201,7 @@
      * of the link is read. If the option {@link LinkOption#NOFOLLOW_LINKS
      * NOFOLLOW_LINKS} is present then symbolic links are not followed.
      *
-     * <p> Where is it required to distinguish an I/O exception from the case
+     * <p> Where it is required to distinguish an I/O exception from the case
      * that the file is not a regular file then the file attributes can be
      * read with the {@link #readAttributes(Path,Class,LinkOption[])
      * readAttributes} method and the file type tested with the {@link
@@ -3082,13 +3082,13 @@
      *          method is invoked to check read access to the file.
      */
     public static byte[] readAllBytes(Path path) throws IOException {
-        try (FileChannel fc = FileChannel.open(path);
-             InputStream is = Channels.newInputStream(fc)) {
-            long size = fc.size();
+        try (SeekableByteChannel sbc = Files.newByteChannel(path);
+             InputStream in = Channels.newInputStream(sbc)) {
+            long size = sbc.size();
             if (size > (long)MAX_BUFFER_SIZE)
                 throw new OutOfMemoryError("Required array size too large");
 
-            return read(is, (int)size);
+            return read(in, (int)size);
         }
     }
 
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/nio/file/Path.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/nio/file/Path.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@
      * and parent directory. In such file systems all occurrences of "{@code .}"
      * are considered redundant. If a "{@code ..}" is preceded by a
      * non-"{@code ..}" name then both names are considered redundant (the
-     * process to identify such names is repeated until is it no longer
+     * process to identify such names is repeated until it is no longer
      * applicable).
      *
      * <p> This method does not access the file system; the path may not locate
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/security/SecureRandom.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/security/SecureRandom.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -578,39 +578,30 @@
     /**
      * Returns a {@code SecureRandom} object that was selected by using
      * the algorithms/providers specified in the {@code
-     * securerandom.strongAlgorithms} Security property.
+     * securerandom.strongAlgorithms} {@link Security} property.
      * <p>
      * Some situations require strong random values, such as when
      * creating high-value/long-lived secrets like RSA public/private
      * keys.  To help guide applications in selecting a suitable strong
-     * {@code SecureRandom} implementation, Java distributions should
+     * {@code SecureRandom} implementation, Java distributions
      * include a list of known strong {@code SecureRandom}
      * implementations in the {@code securerandom.strongAlgorithms}
      * Security property.
-     *
-     * <pre>
-     *     SecureRandom sr = SecureRandom.getStrongSecureRandom();
-     *
-     *     if (sr == null) {
-     *         // Decide if this is a problem, and whether to recover.
-     *         sr = new SecureRandom();
-     *         if (!goodEnough(sr)) {
-     *             return;
-     *         }
-     *     }
-     *
-     *     keyPairGenerator.initialize(2048, sr);
-     * </pre>
+     * <p>
+     * Every implementation of the Java platform is required to
+     * support at least one strong {@code SecureRandom} implementation.
      *
      * @return a strong {@code SecureRandom} implementation as indicated
-     * by the {@code securerandom.strongAlgorithms} Security property, or
-     * null if none are available.
+     * by the {@code securerandom.strongAlgorithms} Security property
+     *
+     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if no algorithm is available
      *
      * @see Security#getProperty(String)
      *
      * @since 1.8
      */
-    public static SecureRandom getStrongSecureRandom() {
+    public static SecureRandom getInstanceStrong()
+            throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
 
         String property = AccessController.doPrivileged(
             new PrivilegedAction<String>() {
@@ -622,7 +613,8 @@
             });
 
         if ((property == null) || (property.length() == 0)) {
-            return null;
+            throw new NoSuchAlgorithmException(
+                "Null/empty securerandom.strongAlgorithms Security Property");
         }
 
         String remainder = property;
@@ -649,7 +641,8 @@
             }
         }
 
-        return null;
+        throw new NoSuchAlgorithmException(
+            "No strong SecureRandom impls available: " + property);
     }
 
     // Declare serialVersionUID to be compatible with JDK1.1
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/Duration.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/Duration.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -441,9 +441,13 @@
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * Obtains a {@code Duration} representing the duration between two instants.
+     * Obtains a {@code Duration} representing the duration between two temporal objects.
      * <p>
-     * This calculates the duration between two temporal objects of the same type.
+     * This calculates the duration between two temporal objects. If the objects
+     * are of different types, then the duration is calculated based on the type
+     * of the first object. For example, if the first argument is a {@code LocalTime}
+     * then the second argument is converted to a {@code LocalTime}.
+     * <p>
      * The specified temporal objects must support the {@link ChronoUnit#SECONDS SECONDS} unit.
      * For full accuracy, either the {@link ChronoUnit#NANOS NANOS} unit or the
      * {@link ChronoField#NANO_OF_SECOND NANO_OF_SECOND} field should be supported.
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/Instant.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/Instant.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -362,6 +362,10 @@
      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert to an {@code Instant}
      */
     public static Instant from(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
+        if (temporal instanceof Instant) {
+            return (Instant) temporal;
+        }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
         long instantSecs = temporal.getLong(INSTANT_SECONDS);
         int nanoOfSecond = temporal.get(NANO_OF_SECOND);
         return Instant.ofEpochSecond(instantSecs, nanoOfSecond);
@@ -370,7 +374,7 @@
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * Obtains an instance of {@code Instant} from a text string such as
-     * {@code 2007-12-03T10:15:30:00}.
+     * {@code 2007-12-03T10:15:30.00Z}.
      * <p>
      * The string must represent a valid instant in UTC and is parsed using
      * {@link DateTimeFormatter#ISO_INSTANT}.
@@ -1091,7 +1095,8 @@
      * The result will be negative if the end is before the start.
      * The calculation returns a whole number, representing the number of
      * complete units between the two instants.
-     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method must be an {@code Instant}.
+     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method is converted to a
+     * {@code Instant} using {@link #from(TemporalAccessor)}.
      * For example, the amount in days between two dates can be calculated
      * using {@code startInstant.until(endInstant, SECONDS)}.
      * <p>
@@ -1112,25 +1117,22 @@
      * <p>
      * If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)}
-     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the input temporal as
-     * the second argument.
+     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the converted input temporal
+     * as the second argument.
      * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
-     * @param endInstant  the end date, which must be an {@code Instant}, not null
+     * @param endExclusive  the end date, exclusive, which is converted to an {@code Instant}, not null
      * @param unit  the unit to measure the amount in, not null
      * @return the amount of time between this instant and the end instant
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated, or the end
+     *  temporal cannot be converted to an {@code Instant}
      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
      */
     @Override
-    public long until(Temporal endInstant, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        if (endInstant instanceof Instant == false) {
-            Objects.requireNonNull(endInstant, "endInstant");
-            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate amount as objects are of two different types");
-        }
-        Instant end = (Instant) endInstant;
+    public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit) {
+        Instant end = Instant.from(endExclusive);
         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
             ChronoUnit f = (ChronoUnit) unit;
             switch (f) {
@@ -1145,7 +1147,7 @@
             }
             throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
         }
-        return unit.between(this, endInstant);
+        return unit.between(this, end);
     }
 
     private long nanosUntil(Instant end) {
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/LocalDate.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/LocalDate.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -353,6 +353,7 @@
      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert to a {@code LocalDate}
      */
     public static LocalDate from(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
         LocalDate date = temporal.query(TemporalQuery.localDate());
         if (date == null) {
             throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain LocalDate from TemporalAccessor: " + temporal.getClass());
@@ -1125,6 +1126,11 @@
      */
     @Override
     public LocalDate plus(TemporalAmount amountToAdd) {
+        if (amountToAdd instanceof Period) {
+            Period periodToAdd = (Period) amountToAdd;
+            return plusMonths(periodToAdd.toTotalMonths()).plusDays(periodToAdd.getDays());
+        }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(amountToAdd, "amountToAdd");
         return (LocalDate) amountToAdd.addTo(this);
     }
 
@@ -1353,6 +1359,11 @@
      */
     @Override
     public LocalDate minus(TemporalAmount amountToSubtract) {
+        if (amountToSubtract instanceof Period) {
+            Period periodToSubtract = (Period) amountToSubtract;
+            return minusMonths(periodToSubtract.toTotalMonths()).minusDays(periodToSubtract.getDays());
+        }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(amountToSubtract, "amountToSubtract");
         return (LocalDate) amountToSubtract.subtractFrom(this);
     }
 
@@ -1531,7 +1542,8 @@
      * objects in terms of a single {@code TemporalUnit}.
      * The start and end points are {@code this} and the specified date.
      * The result will be negative if the end is before the start.
-     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method must be a {@code LocalDate}.
+     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method is converted to a
+     * {@code LocalDate} using {@link #from(TemporalAccessor)}.
      * For example, the amount in days between two dates can be calculated
      * using {@code startDate.until(endDate, DAYS)}.
      * <p>
@@ -1557,26 +1569,22 @@
      * <p>
      * If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)}
-     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the input temporal as
-     * the second argument.
+     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the converted input temporal
+     * as the second argument.
      * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
-     * @param endDate  the end date, which must be a {@code LocalDate}, not null
+     * @param endExclusive  the end date, exclusive, which is converted to a {@code LocalDate}, not null
      * @param unit  the unit to measure the amount in, not null
      * @return the amount of time between this date and the end date
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated, or the end
+     *  temporal cannot be converted to a {@code LocalDate}
      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
      */
     @Override
-    public long until(Temporal endDate, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(unit, "unit");
-        if (endDate instanceof LocalDate == false) {
-            Objects.requireNonNull(endDate, "endDate");
-            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate amount as objects are of two different types");
-        }
-        LocalDate end = (LocalDate) endDate;
+    public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit) {
+        LocalDate end = LocalDate.from(endExclusive);
         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
             switch ((ChronoUnit) unit) {
                 case DAYS: return daysUntil(end);
@@ -1590,7 +1598,7 @@
             }
             throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
         }
-        return unit.between(this, endDate);
+        return unit.between(this, end);
     }
 
     long daysUntil(LocalDate end) {
@@ -1632,12 +1640,12 @@
      * </pre>
      * The choice should be made based on which makes the code more readable.
      *
-     * @param endDate  the end date, exclusive, which may be in any chronology, not null
+     * @param endDateExclusive  the end date, exclusive, which may be in any chronology, not null
      * @return the period between this date and the end date, not null
      */
     @Override
-    public Period until(ChronoLocalDate endDate) {
-        LocalDate end = LocalDate.from(endDate);
+    public Period until(ChronoLocalDate endDateExclusive) {
+        LocalDate end = LocalDate.from(endDateExclusive);
         long totalMonths = end.getProlepticMonth() - this.getProlepticMonth();  // safe
         int days = end.day - this.day;
         if (totalMonths > 0 && days < 0) {
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/LocalDateTime.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/LocalDateTime.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -1129,6 +1129,11 @@
      */
     @Override
     public LocalDateTime plus(TemporalAmount amountToAdd) {
+        if (amountToAdd instanceof Period) {
+            Period periodToAdd = (Period) amountToAdd;
+            return with(date.plus(periodToAdd), time);
+        }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(amountToAdd, "amountToAdd");
         return (LocalDateTime) amountToAdd.addTo(this);
     }
 
@@ -1343,6 +1348,11 @@
      */
     @Override
     public LocalDateTime minus(TemporalAmount amountToSubtract) {
+        if (amountToSubtract instanceof Period) {
+            Period periodToSubtract = (Period) amountToSubtract;
+            return with(date.minus(periodToSubtract), time);
+        }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(amountToSubtract, "amountToSubtract");
         return (LocalDateTime) amountToSubtract.subtractFrom(this);
     }
 
@@ -1611,7 +1621,8 @@
      * objects in terms of a single {@code TemporalUnit}.
      * The start and end points are {@code this} and the specified date-time.
      * The result will be negative if the end is before the start.
-     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method must be a {@code LocalDateTime}.
+     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method is converted to a
+     * {@code LocalDateTime} using {@link #from(TemporalAccessor)}.
      * For example, the amount in days between two date-times can be calculated
      * using {@code startDateTime.until(endDateTime, DAYS)}.
      * <p>
@@ -1639,25 +1650,22 @@
      * <p>
      * If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)}
-     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the input temporal as
-     * the second argument.
+     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the converted input temporal
+     * as the second argument.
      * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
-     * @param endDateTime  the end date-time, which must be a {@code LocalDateTime}, not null
+     * @param endExclusive  the end date, exclusive, which is converted to a {@code LocalDateTime}, not null
      * @param unit  the unit to measure the amount in, not null
      * @return the amount of time between this date-time and the end date-time
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated, or the end
+     *  temporal cannot be converted to a {@code LocalDateTime}
      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
      */
     @Override
-    public long until(Temporal endDateTime, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        if (endDateTime instanceof LocalDateTime == false) {
-            Objects.requireNonNull(endDateTime, "endDateTime");
-            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate amount as objects are of two different types");
-        }
-        LocalDateTime end = (LocalDateTime) endDateTime;
+    public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit) {
+        LocalDateTime end = LocalDateTime.from(endExclusive);
         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
             if (unit.isTimeBased()) {
                 long amount = date.daysUntil(end.date);
@@ -1711,7 +1719,7 @@
             }
             return date.until(endDate, unit);
         }
-        return unit.between(this, endDateTime);
+        return unit.between(this, end);
     }
 
     /**
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/LocalTime.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/LocalTime.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -394,6 +394,7 @@
      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert to a {@code LocalTime}
      */
     public static LocalTime from(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
         LocalTime time = temporal.query(TemporalQuery.localTime());
         if (time == null) {
             throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain LocalTime from TemporalAccessor: " + temporal.getClass());
@@ -1330,7 +1331,8 @@
      * objects in terms of a single {@code TemporalUnit}.
      * The start and end points are {@code this} and the specified time.
      * The result will be negative if the end is before the start.
-     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method must be a {@code LocalTime}.
+     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method is converted to a
+     * {@code LocalTime} using {@link #from(TemporalAccessor)}.
      * For example, the amount in hours between two times can be calculated
      * using {@code startTime.until(endTime, HOURS)}.
      * <p>
@@ -1356,25 +1358,22 @@
      * <p>
      * If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)}
-     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the input temporal as
-     * the second argument.
+     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the converted input temporal
+     * as the second argument.
      * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
-     * @param endTime  the end time, which must be a {@code LocalTime}, not null
+     * @param endExclusive  the end time, exclusive, which is converted to a {@code LocalTime}, not null
      * @param unit  the unit to measure the amount in, not null
      * @return the amount of time between this time and the end time
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated, or the end
+     *  temporal cannot be converted to a {@code LocalTime}
      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
      */
     @Override
-    public long until(Temporal endTime, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        if (endTime instanceof LocalTime == false) {
-            Objects.requireNonNull(endTime, "endTime");
-            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate amount as objects are of two different types");
-        }
-        LocalTime end = (LocalTime) endTime;
+    public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit) {
+        LocalTime end = LocalTime.from(endExclusive);
         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
             long nanosUntil = end.toNanoOfDay() - toNanoOfDay();  // no overflow
             switch ((ChronoUnit) unit) {
@@ -1388,7 +1387,7 @@
             }
             throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
         }
-        return unit.between(this, endTime);
+        return unit.between(this, end);
     }
 
     /**
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/MonthDay.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/MonthDay.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -246,7 +246,8 @@
      * <p>
      * The conversion extracts the {@link ChronoField#MONTH_OF_YEAR MONTH_OF_YEAR} and
      * {@link ChronoField#DAY_OF_MONTH DAY_OF_MONTH} fields.
-     * The extraction is only permitted if the date-time has an ISO chronology.
+     * The extraction is only permitted if the temporal object has an ISO
+     * chronology, or can be converted to a {@code LocalDate}.
      * <p>
      * This method matches the signature of the functional interface {@link TemporalQuery}
      * allowing it to be used in queries via method reference, {@code MonthDay::from}.
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/OffsetDateTime.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/OffsetDateTime.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -1592,7 +1592,8 @@
      * For example, the period in days between two date-times can be calculated
      * using {@code startDateTime.until(endDateTime, DAYS)}.
      * <p>
-     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method must be an {@code OffsetDateTime}.
+     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method is converted to a
+     * {@code OffsetDateTime} using {@link #from(TemporalAccessor)}.
      * If the offset differs between the two date-times, the specified
      * end date-time is normalized to have the same offset as this date-time.
      * <p>
@@ -1620,30 +1621,27 @@
      * <p>
      * If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)}
-     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the input temporal as
-     * the second argument.
+     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the converted input temporal
+     * as the second argument.
      * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
-     * @param endDateTime  the end date-time, which must be an {@code OffsetDateTime}, not null
+     * @param endExclusive  the end date, exclusive, which is converted to an {@code OffsetDateTime}, not null
      * @param unit  the unit to measure the amount in, not null
      * @return the amount of time between this date-time and the end date-time
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated, or the end
+     *  temporal cannot be converted to an {@code OffsetDateTime}
      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
      */
     @Override
-    public long until(Temporal endDateTime, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        if (endDateTime instanceof OffsetDateTime == false) {
-            Objects.requireNonNull(endDateTime, "endDateTime");
-            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate amount as objects are of two different types");
-        }
+    public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit) {
+        OffsetDateTime end = OffsetDateTime.from(endExclusive);
         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
-            OffsetDateTime end = (OffsetDateTime) endDateTime;
             end = end.withOffsetSameInstant(offset);
             return dateTime.until(end.dateTime, unit);
         }
-        return unit.between(this, endDateTime);
+        return unit.between(this, end);
     }
 
     /**
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/OffsetTime.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/OffsetTime.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -1124,7 +1124,8 @@
      * For example, the period in hours between two times can be calculated
      * using {@code startTime.until(endTime, HOURS)}.
      * <p>
-     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method must be an {@code OffsetTime}.
+     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method is converted to a
+     * {@code OffsetTime} using {@link #from(TemporalAccessor)}.
      * If the offset differs between the two times, then the specified
      * end time is normalized to have the same offset as this time.
      * <p>
@@ -1150,26 +1151,23 @@
      * <p>
      * If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)}
-     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the input temporal as
-     * the second argument.
+     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the converted input temporal
+     * as the second argument.
      * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
-     * @param endTime  the end time, which must be an {@code OffsetTime}, not null
+     * @param endExclusive  the end date, exclusive, which is converted to an {@code OffsetTime}, not null
      * @param unit  the unit to measure the amount in, not null
      * @return the amount of time between this time and the end time
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated, or the end
+     *  temporal cannot be converted to an {@code OffsetTime}
      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
      */
     @Override
-    public long until(Temporal endTime, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        if (endTime instanceof OffsetTime == false) {
-            Objects.requireNonNull(endTime, "endTime");
-            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate amount as objects are of two different types");
-        }
+    public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit) {
+        OffsetTime end = OffsetTime.from(endExclusive);
         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
-            OffsetTime end = (OffsetTime) endTime;
             long nanosUntil = end.toEpochNano() - toEpochNano();  // no overflow
             switch ((ChronoUnit) unit) {
                 case NANOS: return nanosUntil;
@@ -1182,7 +1180,7 @@
             }
             throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
         }
-        return unit.between(this, endTime);
+        return unit.between(this, end);
     }
 
     /**
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/Period.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/Period.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@
  */
 package java.time;
 
-import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR;
 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.DAYS;
 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.MONTHS;
 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.YEARS;
@@ -70,17 +69,19 @@
 import java.io.DataOutput;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
-import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.time.chrono.ChronoLocalDate;
+import java.time.chrono.ChronoPeriod;
 import java.time.chrono.Chronology;
+import java.time.chrono.IsoChronology;
 import java.time.format.DateTimeParseException;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
 import java.time.temporal.Temporal;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
 import java.time.temporal.TemporalAmount;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalQuery;
 import java.time.temporal.TemporalUnit;
 import java.time.temporal.UnsupportedTemporalTypeException;
-import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -89,12 +90,13 @@
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
 /**
- * A date-based amount of time, such as '2 years, 3 months and 4 days'.
+ * A date-based amount of time in the ISO-8601 calendar system,
+ * such as '2 years, 3 months and 4 days'.
  * <p>
  * This class models a quantity or amount of time in terms of years, months and days.
  * See {@link Duration} for the time-based equivalent to this class.
  * <p>
- * Durations and period differ in their treatment of daylight savings time
+ * Durations and periods differ in their treatment of daylight savings time
  * when added to {@link ZonedDateTime}. A {@code Duration} will add an exact
  * number of seconds, thus a duration of one day is always exactly 24 hours.
  * By contrast, a {@code Period} will add a conceptual day, trying to maintain
@@ -110,14 +112,12 @@
  * {@link ChronoUnit#MONTHS MONTHS} and {@link ChronoUnit#DAYS DAYS}.
  * All three fields are always present, but may be set to zero.
  * <p>
- * The period may be used with any calendar system.
- * The meaning of a "year" or "month" is only applied when the object is added to a date.
+ * The ISO-8601 calendar system is the modern civil calendar system used today
+ * in most of the world. It is equivalent to the proleptic Gregorian calendar
+ * system, in which today's rules for leap years are applied for all time.
  * <p>
  * The period is modeled as a directed amount of time, meaning that individual parts of the
  * period may be negative.
- * <p>
- * The months and years fields may be {@linkplain #normalized() normalized}.
- * The normalization assumes a 12 month year, so is not appropriate for all calendar systems.
  *
  * @implSpec
  * This class is immutable and thread-safe.
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
  * @since 1.8
  */
 public final class Period
-        implements TemporalAmount, Serializable {
+        implements ChronoPeriod, Serializable {
 
     /**
      * A constant for a period of zero.
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@
      */
     private final static Pattern PATTERN =
             Pattern.compile("([-+]?)P(?:([-+]?[0-9]+)Y)?(?:([-+]?[0-9]+)M)?(?:([-+]?[0-9]+)W)?(?:([-+]?[0-9]+)D)?", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
+
     /**
      * The set of supported units.
      */
@@ -234,12 +235,14 @@
      * <p>
      * This obtains a period based on the specified amount.
      * A {@code TemporalAmount} represents an  amount of time, which may be
-     * date-based or time-based, which this factory extracts to a period.
+     * date-based or time-based, which this factory extracts to a {@code Period}.
      * <p>
      * The conversion loops around the set of units from the amount and uses
      * the {@link ChronoUnit#YEARS YEARS}, {@link ChronoUnit#MONTHS MONTHS}
      * and {@link ChronoUnit#DAYS DAYS} units to create a period.
      * If any other units are found then an exception is thrown.
+     * <p>
+     * If the amount is a {@code ChronoPeriod} then it must use the ISO chronology.
      *
      * @param amount  the temporal amount to convert, not null
      * @return the equivalent period, not null
@@ -247,6 +250,14 @@
      * @throws ArithmeticException if the amount of years, months or days exceeds an int
      */
     public static Period from(TemporalAmount amount) {
+        if (amount instanceof Period) {
+            return (Period) amount;
+        }
+        if (amount instanceof ChronoPeriod) {
+            if (IsoChronology.INSTANCE.equals(((ChronoPeriod) amount).getChronology()) == false) {
+                throw new DateTimeException("Period requires ISO chronology: " + amount);
+            }
+        }
         Objects.requireNonNull(amount, "amount");
         int years = 0;
         int months = 0;
@@ -358,13 +369,13 @@
      * The result of this method can be a negative period if the end is before the start.
      * The negative sign will be the same in each of year, month and day.
      *
-     * @param startDate  the start date, inclusive, not null
-     * @param endDate  the end date, exclusive, not null
+     * @param startDateInclusive  the start date, inclusive, not null
+     * @param endDateExclusive  the end date, exclusive, not null
      * @return the period between this date and the end date, not null
      * @see ChronoLocalDate#until(ChronoLocalDate)
      */
-    public static Period between(LocalDate startDate, LocalDate endDate) {
-        return startDate.until(endDate);
+    public static Period between(LocalDate startDateInclusive, LocalDate endDateExclusive) {
+        return startDateInclusive.until(endDateExclusive);
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -439,6 +450,21 @@
         return SUPPORTED_UNITS;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Gets the chronology of this period, which is the ISO calendar system.
+     * <p>
+     * The {@code Chronology} represents the calendar system in use.
+     * The ISO-8601 calendar system is the modern civil calendar system used today
+     * in most of the world. It is equivalent to the proleptic Gregorian calendar
+     * system, in which today's rules for leap years are applied for all time.
+     *
+     * @return the ISO chronology, not null
+     */
+    @Override
+    public IsoChronology getChronology() {
+        return IsoChronology.INSTANCE;
+    }
+
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * Checks if all three units of this period are zero.
@@ -468,7 +494,7 @@
      * <p>
      * This returns the years unit.
      * <p>
-     * The months unit is not normalized with the years unit.
+     * The months unit is not automatically normalized with the years unit.
      * This means that a period of "15 months" is different to a period
      * of "1 year and 3 months".
      *
@@ -483,7 +509,7 @@
      * <p>
      * This returns the months unit.
      * <p>
-     * The months unit is not normalized with the years unit.
+     * The months unit is not automatically normalized with the years unit.
      * This means that a period of "15 months" is different to a period
      * of "1 year and 3 months".
      *
@@ -511,7 +537,7 @@
      * This sets the amount of the years unit in a copy of this period.
      * The months and days units are unaffected.
      * <p>
-     * The months unit is not normalized with the years unit.
+     * The months unit is not automatically normalized with the years unit.
      * This means that a period of "15 months" is different to a period
      * of "1 year and 3 months".
      * <p>
@@ -533,7 +559,7 @@
      * This sets the amount of the months unit in a copy of this period.
      * The years and days units are unaffected.
      * <p>
-     * The months unit is not normalized with the years unit.
+     * The months unit is not automatically normalized with the years unit.
      * This means that a period of "15 months" is different to a period
      * of "1 year and 3 months".
      * <p>
@@ -572,21 +598,28 @@
      * Returns a copy of this period with the specified period added.
      * <p>
      * This operates separately on the years, months and days.
+     * No normalization is performed.
      * <p>
      * For example, "1 year, 6 months and 3 days" plus "2 years, 2 months and 2 days"
      * returns "3 years, 8 months and 5 days".
      * <p>
+     * The specified amount is typically an instance of {@code Period}.
+     * Other types are interpreted using {@link Period#from(TemporalAmount)}.
+     * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
      * @param amountToAdd  the period to add, not null
      * @return a {@code Period} based on this period with the requested period added, not null
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the specified amount has a non-ISO chronology or
+     *  contains an invalid unit
      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
      */
-    public Period plus(Period amountToAdd) {
+    public Period plus(TemporalAmount amountToAdd) {
+        Period isoAmount = Period.from(amountToAdd);
         return create(
-                Math.addExact(years, amountToAdd.years),
-                Math.addExact(months, amountToAdd.months),
-                Math.addExact(days, amountToAdd.days));
+                Math.addExact(years, isoAmount.years),
+                Math.addExact(months, isoAmount.months),
+                Math.addExact(days, isoAmount.days));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -654,21 +687,28 @@
      * Returns a copy of this period with the specified period subtracted.
      * <p>
      * This operates separately on the years, months and days.
+     * No normalization is performed.
      * <p>
      * For example, "1 year, 6 months and 3 days" minus "2 years, 2 months and 2 days"
      * returns "-1 years, 4 months and 1 day".
      * <p>
+     * The specified amount is typically an instance of {@code Period}.
+     * Other types are interpreted using {@link Period#from(TemporalAmount)}.
+     * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
      * @param amountToSubtract  the period to subtract, not null
      * @return a {@code Period} based on this period with the requested period subtracted, not null
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the specified amount has a non-ISO chronology or
+     *  contains an invalid unit
      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
      */
-    public Period minus(Period amountToSubtract) {
+    public Period minus(TemporalAmount amountToSubtract) {
+        Period isoAmount = Period.from(amountToSubtract);
         return create(
-                Math.subtractExact(years, amountToSubtract.years),
-                Math.subtractExact(months, amountToSubtract.months),
-                Math.subtractExact(days, amountToSubtract.days));
+                Math.subtractExact(years, isoAmount.years),
+                Math.subtractExact(months, isoAmount.months),
+                Math.subtractExact(days, isoAmount.days));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -766,8 +806,7 @@
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * Returns a copy of this period with the years and months normalized
-     * using a 12 month year.
+     * Returns a copy of this period with the years and months normalized.
      * <p>
      * This normalizes the years and months units, leaving the days unit unchanged.
      * The months unit is adjusted to have an absolute value less than 11,
@@ -778,8 +817,6 @@
      * For example, a period of "1 year and -25 months" will be normalized to
      * "-1 year and -1 month".
      * <p>
-     * This normalization uses a 12 month year which is not valid for all calendar systems.
-     * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
      * @return a {@code Period} based on this period with excess months normalized to years, not null
@@ -796,13 +833,11 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Gets the total number of months in this period using a 12 month year.
+     * Gets the total number of months in this period.
      * <p>
      * This returns the total number of months in the period by multiplying the
      * number of years by 12 and adding the number of months.
      * <p>
-     * This uses a 12 month year which is not valid for all calendar systems.
-     * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
      * @return the total number of months in the period, may be negative
@@ -817,6 +852,7 @@
      * <p>
      * This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input
      * with this period added.
+     * If the temporal has a chronology, it must be the ISO chronology.
      * <p>
      * In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using
      * {@link Temporal#plus(TemporalAmount)}.
@@ -826,10 +862,17 @@
      *   dateTime = dateTime.plus(thisPeriod);
      * </pre>
      * <p>
-     * The calculation will add the years, then months, then days.
-     * Only non-zero amounts will be added.
-     * If the date-time has a calendar system with a fixed number of months in a
-     * year, then the years and months will be combined before being added.
+     * The calculation operates as follows.
+     * First, the chronology of the temporal is checked to ensure it is ISO chronology or null.
+     * Second, if the months are zero, the years are added if non-zero, otherwise
+     * the combination of years and months is added if non-zero.
+     * Finally, any days are added.
+     * <p>
+     * This approach ensures that a partial period can be added to a partial date.
+     * For example, a period of years and/or months can be added to a {@code YearMonth},
+     * but a period including days cannot.
+     * The approach also adds years and months together when necessary, which ensures
+     * correct behaviour at the end of the month.
      * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
@@ -840,18 +883,15 @@
      */
     @Override
     public Temporal addTo(Temporal temporal) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
-        if ((years | months) != 0) {
-            long monthRange = monthRange(temporal);
-            if (monthRange >= 0) {
-                temporal = temporal.plus(years * monthRange + months, MONTHS);
-            } else {
-                if (years != 0) {
-                    temporal = temporal.plus(years, YEARS);
-                }
-                if (months != 0) {
-                    temporal = temporal.plus(months, MONTHS);
-                }
+        validateChrono(temporal);
+        if (months == 0) {
+            if (years != 0) {
+                temporal = temporal.plus(years, YEARS);
+            }
+        } else {
+            long totalMonths = toTotalMonths();
+            if (totalMonths != 0) {
+                temporal = temporal.plus(totalMonths, MONTHS);
             }
         }
         if (days != 0) {
@@ -865,6 +905,7 @@
      * <p>
      * This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input
      * with this period subtracted.
+     * If the temporal has a chronology, it must be the ISO chronology.
      * <p>
      * In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using
      * {@link Temporal#minus(TemporalAmount)}.
@@ -874,10 +915,17 @@
      *   dateTime = dateTime.minus(thisPeriod);
      * </pre>
      * <p>
-     * The calculation will subtract the years, then months, then days.
-     * Only non-zero amounts will be subtracted.
-     * If the date-time has a calendar system with a fixed number of months in a
-     * year, then the years and months will be combined before being subtracted.
+     * The calculation operates as follows.
+     * First, the chronology of the temporal is checked to ensure it is ISO chronology or null.
+     * Second, if the months are zero, the years are subtracted if non-zero, otherwise
+     * the combination of years and months is subtracted if non-zero.
+     * Finally, any days are subtracted.
+     * <p>
+     * This approach ensures that a partial period can be subtracted from a partial date.
+     * For example, a period of years and/or months can be subtracted from a {@code YearMonth},
+     * but a period including days cannot.
+     * The approach also subtracts years and months together when necessary, which ensures
+     * correct behaviour at the end of the month.
      * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
@@ -888,18 +936,15 @@
      */
     @Override
     public Temporal subtractFrom(Temporal temporal) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
-        if ((years | months) != 0) {
-            long monthRange = monthRange(temporal);
-            if (monthRange >= 0) {
-                temporal = temporal.minus(years * monthRange + months, MONTHS);
-            } else {
-                if (years != 0) {
-                    temporal = temporal.minus(years, YEARS);
-                }
-                if (months != 0) {
-                    temporal = temporal.minus(months, MONTHS);
-                }
+        validateChrono(temporal);
+        if (months == 0) {
+            if (years != 0) {
+                temporal = temporal.minus(years, YEARS);
+            }
+        } else {
+            long totalMonths = toTotalMonths();
+            if (totalMonths != 0) {
+                temporal = temporal.minus(totalMonths, MONTHS);
             }
         }
         if (days != 0) {
@@ -909,26 +954,21 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Calculates the range of months based on the temporal.
-     *
-     * @param temporal  the temporal, not null
-     * @return the month range, negative if not fixed range
+     * Validates that the temporal has the correct chronology.
      */
-    private long monthRange(Temporal temporal) {
-        if (temporal.isSupported(MONTH_OF_YEAR)) {
-            ValueRange startRange = Chronology.from(temporal).range(MONTH_OF_YEAR);
-            if (startRange.isFixed() && startRange.isIntValue()) {
-                return startRange.getMaximum() - startRange.getMinimum() + 1;
-            }
+    private void validateChrono(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
+        Chronology temporalChrono = temporal.query(TemporalQuery.chronology());
+        if (temporalChrono != null && IsoChronology.INSTANCE.equals(temporalChrono) == false) {
+            throw new DateTimeException("Chronology mismatch, expected: ISO, actual: " + temporalChrono.getId());
         }
-        return -1;
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * Checks if this period is equal to another period.
      * <p>
-     * The comparison is based on the amounts held in the period.
+     * The comparison is based on the type {@code Period} and each of the three amounts.
      * To be equal, the years, months and days units must be individually equal.
      * Note that this means that a period of "15 Months" is not equal to a period
      * of "1 Year and 3 Months".
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/Year.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/Year.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -242,6 +242,7 @@
         if (temporal instanceof Year) {
             return (Year) temporal;
         }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
         try {
             if (IsoChronology.INSTANCE.equals(Chronology.from(temporal)) == false) {
                 temporal = LocalDate.from(temporal);
@@ -859,7 +860,8 @@
      * objects in terms of a single {@code TemporalUnit}.
      * The start and end points are {@code this} and the specified year.
      * The result will be negative if the end is before the start.
-     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method must be a {@code Year}.
+     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method is converted to a
+     * {@code Year} using {@link #from(TemporalAccessor)}.
      * For example, the period in decades between two year can be calculated
      * using {@code startYear.until(endYear, DECADES)}.
      * <p>
@@ -885,25 +887,22 @@
      * <p>
      * If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)}
-     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the input temporal as
-     * the second argument.
+     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the converted input temporal
+     * as the second argument.
      * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
-     * @param endYear  the end year, which must be a {@code Year}, not null
+     * @param endExclusive  the end date, exclusive, which is converted to a {@code Year}, not null
      * @param unit  the unit to measure the amount in, not null
      * @return the amount of time between this year and the end year
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated, or the end
+     *  temporal cannot be converted to a {@code Year}
      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
      */
     @Override
-    public long until(Temporal endYear, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        if (endYear instanceof Year == false) {
-            Objects.requireNonNull(endYear, "endYear");
-            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate amount as objects are of two different types");
-        }
-        Year end = (Year) endYear;
+    public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit) {
+        Year end = Year.from(endExclusive);
         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
             long yearsUntil = ((long) end.year) - year;  // no overflow
             switch ((ChronoUnit) unit) {
@@ -915,7 +914,7 @@
             }
             throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
         }
-        return unit.between(this, endYear);
+        return unit.between(this, end);
     }
 
     /**
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/YearMonth.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/YearMonth.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -245,6 +245,7 @@
         if (temporal instanceof YearMonth) {
             return (YearMonth) temporal;
         }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
         try {
             if (IsoChronology.INSTANCE.equals(Chronology.from(temporal)) == false) {
                 temporal = LocalDate.from(temporal);
@@ -992,7 +993,8 @@
      * objects in terms of a single {@code TemporalUnit}.
      * The start and end points are {@code this} and the specified year-month.
      * The result will be negative if the end is before the start.
-     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method must be a {@code YearMonth}.
+     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method is converted to a
+     * {@code YearMonth} using {@link #from(TemporalAccessor)}.
      * For example, the period in years between two year-months can be calculated
      * using {@code startYearMonth.until(endYearMonth, YEARS)}.
      * <p>
@@ -1018,25 +1020,22 @@
      * <p>
      * If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)}
-     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the input temporal as
-     * the second argument.
+     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the converted input temporal
+     * as the second argument.
      * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
-     * @param endYearMonth  the end year-month, which must be a {@code YearMonth}, not null
+     * @param endExclusive  the end date, exclusive, which is converted to a {@code YearMonth}, not null
      * @param unit  the unit to measure the amount in, not null
      * @return the amount of time between this year-month and the end year-month
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated, or the end
+     *  temporal cannot be converted to a {@code YearMonth}
      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
      */
     @Override
-    public long until(Temporal endYearMonth, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        if (endYearMonth instanceof YearMonth == false) {
-            Objects.requireNonNull(endYearMonth, "endYearMonth");
-            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate amount as objects are of two different types");
-        }
-        YearMonth end = (YearMonth) endYearMonth;
+    public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit) {
+        YearMonth end = YearMonth.from(endExclusive);
         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
             long monthsUntil = end.getProlepticMonth() - getProlepticMonth();  // no overflow
             switch ((ChronoUnit) unit) {
@@ -1049,7 +1048,7 @@
             }
             throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
         }
-        return unit.between(this, endYearMonth);
+        return unit.between(this, end);
     }
 
     /**
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/ZoneOffset.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/ZoneOffset.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -333,6 +333,7 @@
      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert to an {@code ZoneOffset}
      */
     public static ZoneOffset from(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
         ZoneOffset offset = temporal.query(TemporalQuery.offset());
         if (offset == null) {
             throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain ZoneOffset from TemporalAccessor: " + temporal.getClass());
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/ZonedDateTime.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/ZonedDateTime.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -1540,6 +1540,11 @@
      */
     @Override
     public ZonedDateTime plus(TemporalAmount amountToAdd) {
+        if (amountToAdd instanceof Period) {
+            Period periodToAdd = (Period) amountToAdd;
+            return resolveLocal(dateTime.plus(periodToAdd));
+        }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(amountToAdd, "amountToAdd");
         return (ZonedDateTime) amountToAdd.addTo(this);
     }
 
@@ -1787,6 +1792,11 @@
      */
     @Override
     public ZonedDateTime minus(TemporalAmount amountToSubtract) {
+        if (amountToSubtract instanceof Period) {
+            Period periodToSubtract = (Period) amountToSubtract;
+            return resolveLocal(dateTime.minus(periodToSubtract));
+        }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(amountToSubtract, "amountToSubtract");
         return (ZonedDateTime) amountToSubtract.subtractFrom(this);
     }
 
@@ -2034,7 +2044,8 @@
      * For example, the period in days between two date-times can be calculated
      * using {@code startDateTime.until(endDateTime, DAYS)}.
      * <p>
-     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method must be a {@code ZonedDateTime}.
+     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method is converted to a
+     * {@code ZonedDateTime} using {@link #from(TemporalAccessor)}.
      * If the time-zone differs between the two zoned date-times, the specified
      * end date-time is normalized to have the same zone as this date-time.
      * <p>
@@ -2076,26 +2087,23 @@
      * <p>
      * If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)}
-     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the input temporal as
-     * the second argument.
+     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the converted input temporal
+     * as the second argument.
      * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
-     * @param endDateTime  the end date-time, which must be a {@code ZonedDateTime}, not null
+     * @param endExclusive  the end date, exclusive, which is converted to a {@code ZonedDateTime}, not null
      * @param unit  the unit to measure the amount in, not null
      * @return the amount of time between this date-time and the end date-time
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated, or the end
+     *  temporal cannot be converted to a {@code ZonedDateTime}
      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
      */
     @Override
-    public long until(Temporal endDateTime, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        if (endDateTime instanceof ZonedDateTime == false) {
-            Objects.requireNonNull(endDateTime, "endDateTime");
-            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate amount as objects are of two different types");
-        }
+    public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit) {
+        ZonedDateTime end = ZonedDateTime.from(endExclusive);
         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
-            ZonedDateTime end = (ZonedDateTime) endDateTime;
             end = end.withZoneSameInstant(zone);
             if (unit.isDateBased()) {
                 return dateTime.until(end.dateTime, unit);
@@ -2103,7 +2111,7 @@
                 return toOffsetDateTime().until(end.toOffsetDateTime(), unit);
             }
         }
-        return unit.between(this, endDateTime);
+        return unit.between(this, end);
     }
 
     /**
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/ChronoDateImpl.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,455 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2012, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
- *
- * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
- * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
- * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
- *
- * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
- * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
- * accompanied this code).
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
- * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
- * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
- *
- * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
- * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
- * questions.
- */
-
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2012, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
- *
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
- *
- *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
- *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *
- *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
- *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
- *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- *
- *  * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors
- *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
- *    without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
- * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
- * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
- * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
- * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
- * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
- * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-package java.time.chrono;
-
-import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH;
-import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.ERA;
-import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR;
-import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.PROLEPTIC_MONTH;
-import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA;
-
-import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.time.DateTimeException;
-import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
-import java.time.temporal.Temporal;
-import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjuster;
-import java.time.temporal.TemporalAmount;
-import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;
-import java.time.temporal.TemporalUnit;
-import java.time.temporal.UnsupportedTemporalTypeException;
-import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-/**
- * A date expressed in terms of a standard year-month-day calendar system.
- * <p>
- * This class is used by applications seeking to handle dates in non-ISO calendar systems.
- * For example, the Japanese, Minguo, Thai Buddhist and others.
- * <p>
- * {@code ChronoLocalDate} is built on the generic concepts of year, month and day.
- * The calendar system, represented by a {@link java.time.chrono.Chronology}, expresses the relationship between
- * the fields and this class allows the resulting date to be manipulated.
- * <p>
- * Note that not all calendar systems are suitable for use with this class.
- * For example, the Mayan calendar uses a system that bears no relation to years, months and days.
- * <p>
- * The API design encourages the use of {@code LocalDate} for the majority of the application.
- * This includes code to read and write from a persistent data store, such as a database,
- * and to send dates and times across a network. The {@code ChronoLocalDate} instance is then used
- * at the user interface level to deal with localized input/output.
- *
- * <P>Example: </p>
- * <pre>
- *        System.out.printf("Example()%n");
- *        // Enumerate the list of available calendars and print today for each
- *        Set&lt;Chronology&gt; chronos = Chronology.getAvailableChronologies();
- *        for (Chronology chrono : chronos) {
- *            ChronoLocalDate date = chrono.dateNow();
- *            System.out.printf("   %20s: %s%n", chrono.getID(), date.toString());
- *        }
- *
- *        // Print the Hijrah date and calendar
- *        ChronoLocalDate date = Chronology.of("Hijrah").dateNow();
- *        int day = date.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH);
- *        int dow = date.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK);
- *        int month = date.get(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);
- *        int year = date.get(ChronoField.YEAR);
- *        System.out.printf("  Today is %s %s %d-%s-%d%n", date.getChronology().getID(),
- *                dow, day, month, year);
-
- *        // Print today's date and the last day of the year
- *        ChronoLocalDate now1 = Chronology.of("Hijrah").dateNow();
- *        ChronoLocalDate first = now1.with(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH, 1)
- *                .with(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, 1);
- *        ChronoLocalDate last = first.plus(1, ChronoUnit.YEARS)
- *                .minus(1, ChronoUnit.DAYS);
- *        System.out.printf("  Today is %s: start: %s; end: %s%n", last.getChronology().getID(),
- *                first, last);
- * </pre>
- *
- * <h3>Adding Calendars</h3>
- * <p> The set of calendars is extensible by defining a subclass of {@link ChronoLocalDate}
- * to represent a date instance and an implementation of {@code Chronology}
- * to be the factory for the ChronoLocalDate subclass.
- * </p>
- * <p> To permit the discovery of the additional calendar types the implementation of
- * {@code Chronology} must be registered as a Service implementing the {@code Chronology} interface
- * in the {@code META-INF/Services} file as per the specification of {@link java.util.ServiceLoader}.
- * The subclass must function according to the {@code Chronology} class description and must provide its
- * {@link java.time.chrono.Chronology#getId() chronlogy ID} and {@link Chronology#getCalendarType() calendar type}. </p>
- *
- * @implSpec
- * This abstract class must be implemented with care to ensure other classes operate correctly.
- * All implementations that can be instantiated must be final, immutable and thread-safe.
- * Subclasses should be Serializable wherever possible.
- *
- * @param <D> the ChronoLocalDate of this date-time
- * @since 1.8
- */
-abstract class ChronoDateImpl<D extends ChronoLocalDate>
-        implements ChronoLocalDate, Temporal, TemporalAdjuster, Serializable {
-
-    /**
-     * Serialization version.
-     */
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6282433883239719096L;
-
-    /**
-     * Casts the {@code Temporal} to {@code ChronoLocalDate} ensuring it bas the specified chronology.
-     *
-     * @param chrono  the chronology to check for, not null
-     * @param temporal  a date-time to cast, not null
-     * @return the date-time checked and cast to {@code ChronoLocalDate}, not null
-     * @throws ClassCastException if the date-time cannot be cast to ChronoLocalDate
-     *  or the chronology is not equal this Chronology
-     */
-    static <D extends ChronoLocalDate> D ensureValid(Chronology chrono, Temporal temporal) {
-        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-        D other = (D) temporal;
-        if (chrono.equals(other.getChronology()) == false) {
-            throw new ClassCastException("Chronology mismatch, expected: " + chrono.getId() + ", actual: " + other.getChronology().getId());
-        }
-        return other;
-    }
-
-    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Creates an instance.
-     */
-    ChronoDateImpl() {
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    public D with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster) {
-        return (D) ChronoLocalDate.super.with(adjuster);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    public D with(TemporalField field, long value) {
-        return (D) ChronoLocalDate.super.with(field, value);
-    }
-
-    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    @Override
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    public D plus(TemporalAmount amount) {
-        return (D) ChronoLocalDate.super.plus(amount);
-    }
-
-    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    @Override
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    public D plus(long amountToAdd, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
-            ChronoUnit f = (ChronoUnit) unit;
-            switch (f) {
-                case DAYS: return plusDays(amountToAdd);
-                case WEEKS: return plusDays(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, 7));
-                case MONTHS: return plusMonths(amountToAdd);
-                case YEARS: return plusYears(amountToAdd);
-                case DECADES: return plusYears(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, 10));
-                case CENTURIES: return plusYears(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, 100));
-                case MILLENNIA: return plusYears(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, 1000));
-                case ERAS: return with(ERA, Math.addExact(getLong(ERA), amountToAdd));
-            }
-            throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
-        }
-        return (D) ChronoLocalDate.super.plus(amountToAdd, unit);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    public D minus(TemporalAmount amount) {
-        return (D) ChronoLocalDate.super.minus(amount);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    public D minus(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        return (D) ChronoLocalDate.super.minus(amountToSubtract, unit);
-    }
-
-    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period in years added.
-     * <p>
-     * This adds the specified period in years to the date.
-     * In some cases, adding years can cause the resulting date to become invalid.
-     * If this occurs, then other fields, typically the day-of-month, will be adjusted to ensure
-     * that the result is valid. Typically this will select the last valid day of the month.
-     * <p>
-     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
-     *
-     * @param yearsToAdd  the years to add, may be negative
-     * @return a date based on this one with the years added, not null
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
-     */
-    abstract D plusYears(long yearsToAdd);
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period in months added.
-     * <p>
-     * This adds the specified period in months to the date.
-     * In some cases, adding months can cause the resulting date to become invalid.
-     * If this occurs, then other fields, typically the day-of-month, will be adjusted to ensure
-     * that the result is valid. Typically this will select the last valid day of the month.
-     * <p>
-     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
-     *
-     * @param monthsToAdd  the months to add, may be negative
-     * @return a date based on this one with the months added, not null
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
-     */
-    abstract D plusMonths(long monthsToAdd);
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period in weeks added.
-     * <p>
-     * This adds the specified period in weeks to the date.
-     * In some cases, adding weeks can cause the resulting date to become invalid.
-     * If this occurs, then other fields will be adjusted to ensure that the result is valid.
-     * <p>
-     * The default implementation uses {@link #plusDays(long)} using a 7 day week.
-     * <p>
-     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
-     *
-     * @param weeksToAdd  the weeks to add, may be negative
-     * @return a date based on this one with the weeks added, not null
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
-     */
-    D plusWeeks(long weeksToAdd) {
-        return plusDays(Math.multiplyExact(weeksToAdd, 7));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified number of days added.
-     * <p>
-     * This adds the specified period in days to the date.
-     * <p>
-     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
-     *
-     * @param daysToAdd  the days to add, may be negative
-     * @return a date based on this one with the days added, not null
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
-     */
-    abstract D plusDays(long daysToAdd);
-
-    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period in years subtracted.
-     * <p>
-     * This subtracts the specified period in years to the date.
-     * In some cases, subtracting years can cause the resulting date to become invalid.
-     * If this occurs, then other fields, typically the day-of-month, will be adjusted to ensure
-     * that the result is valid. Typically this will select the last valid day of the month.
-     * <p>
-     * The default implementation uses {@link #plusYears(long)}.
-     * <p>
-     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
-     *
-     * @param yearsToSubtract  the years to subtract, may be negative
-     * @return a date based on this one with the years subtracted, not null
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
-     */
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    D minusYears(long yearsToSubtract) {
-        return (yearsToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? ((ChronoDateImpl<D>)plusYears(Long.MAX_VALUE)).plusYears(1) : plusYears(-yearsToSubtract));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period in months subtracted.
-     * <p>
-     * This subtracts the specified period in months to the date.
-     * In some cases, subtracting months can cause the resulting date to become invalid.
-     * If this occurs, then other fields, typically the day-of-month, will be adjusted to ensure
-     * that the result is valid. Typically this will select the last valid day of the month.
-     * <p>
-     * The default implementation uses {@link #plusMonths(long)}.
-     * <p>
-     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
-     *
-     * @param monthsToSubtract  the months to subtract, may be negative
-     * @return a date based on this one with the months subtracted, not null
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
-     */
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    D minusMonths(long monthsToSubtract) {
-        return (monthsToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? ((ChronoDateImpl<D>)plusMonths(Long.MAX_VALUE)).plusMonths(1) : plusMonths(-monthsToSubtract));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period in weeks subtracted.
-     * <p>
-     * This subtracts the specified period in weeks to the date.
-     * In some cases, subtracting weeks can cause the resulting date to become invalid.
-     * If this occurs, then other fields will be adjusted to ensure that the result is valid.
-     * <p>
-     * The default implementation uses {@link #plusWeeks(long)}.
-     * <p>
-     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
-     *
-     * @param weeksToSubtract  the weeks to subtract, may be negative
-     * @return a date based on this one with the weeks subtracted, not null
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
-     */
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    D minusWeeks(long weeksToSubtract) {
-        return (weeksToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? ((ChronoDateImpl<D>)plusWeeks(Long.MAX_VALUE)).plusWeeks(1) : plusWeeks(-weeksToSubtract));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified number of days subtracted.
-     * <p>
-     * This subtracts the specified period in days to the date.
-     * <p>
-     * The default implementation uses {@link #plusDays(long)}.
-     * <p>
-     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
-     *
-     * @param daysToSubtract  the days to subtract, may be negative
-     * @return a date based on this one with the days subtracted, not null
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
-     */
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    D minusDays(long daysToSubtract) {
-        return (daysToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? ((ChronoDateImpl<D>)plusDays(Long.MAX_VALUE)).plusDays(1) : plusDays(-daysToSubtract));
-    }
-
-    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * {@inheritDoc}
-     * @throws DateTimeException {@inheritDoc}
-     * @throws ArithmeticException {@inheritDoc}
-     */
-    @Override
-    public long until(Temporal endDateTime, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(endDateTime, "endDateTime");
-        Objects.requireNonNull(unit, "unit");
-        if (endDateTime instanceof ChronoLocalDate == false) {
-            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate amount as objects are of two different types");
-        }
-        ChronoLocalDate end = (ChronoLocalDate) endDateTime;
-        if (getChronology().equals(end.getChronology()) == false) {
-            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate amount as objects have different chronologies");
-        }
-        if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
-            switch ((ChronoUnit) unit) {
-                case DAYS: return daysUntil(end);
-                case WEEKS: return daysUntil(end) / 7;
-                case MONTHS: return monthsUntil(end);
-                case YEARS: return monthsUntil(end) / 12;
-                case DECADES: return monthsUntil(end) / 120;
-                case CENTURIES: return monthsUntil(end) / 1200;
-                case MILLENNIA: return monthsUntil(end) / 12000;
-                case ERAS: return end.getLong(ERA) - getLong(ERA);
-            }
-            throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
-        }
-        return unit.between(this, endDateTime);
-    }
-
-    private long daysUntil(ChronoLocalDate end) {
-        return end.toEpochDay() - toEpochDay();  // no overflow
-    }
-
-    private long monthsUntil(ChronoLocalDate end) {
-        ValueRange range = getChronology().range(MONTH_OF_YEAR);
-        if (range.getMaximum() != 12) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("ChronoDateImpl only supports Chronologies with 12 months per year");
-        }
-        long packed1 = getLong(PROLEPTIC_MONTH) * 32L + get(DAY_OF_MONTH);  // no overflow
-        long packed2 = end.getLong(PROLEPTIC_MONTH) * 32L + end.get(DAY_OF_MONTH);  // no overflow
-        return (packed2 - packed1) / 32;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
-        if (this == obj) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (obj instanceof ChronoLocalDate) {
-            return compareTo((ChronoLocalDate) obj) == 0;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int hashCode() {
-        long epDay = toEpochDay();
-        return getChronology().hashCode() ^ ((int) (epDay ^ (epDay >>> 32)));
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        // getLong() reduces chances of exceptions in toString()
-        long yoe = getLong(YEAR_OF_ERA);
-        long moy = getLong(MONTH_OF_YEAR);
-        long dom = getLong(DAY_OF_MONTH);
-        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(30);
-        buf.append(getChronology().toString())
-                .append(" ")
-                .append(getEra())
-                .append(" ")
-                .append(yoe)
-                .append(moy < 10 ? "-0" : "-").append(moy)
-                .append(dom < 10 ? "-0" : "-").append(dom);
-        return buf.toString();
-    }
-
-}
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/ChronoLocalDate.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/ChronoLocalDate.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@
 import java.time.DateTimeException;
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 import java.time.LocalTime;
-import java.time.Period;
 import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
@@ -292,6 +291,7 @@
         if (temporal instanceof ChronoLocalDate) {
             return (ChronoLocalDate) temporal;
         }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
         Chronology chrono = temporal.query(TemporalQuery.chronology());
         if (chrono == null) {
             throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain ChronoLocalDate from TemporalAccessor: " + temporal.getClass());
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     default ChronoLocalDate with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster) {
-        return ChronoDateImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.with(adjuster));
+        return ChronoLocalDateImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.with(adjuster));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@
         if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
             throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported field: " + field);
         }
-        return ChronoDateImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), field.adjustInto(this, newValue));
+        return ChronoLocalDateImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), field.adjustInto(this, newValue));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     default ChronoLocalDate plus(TemporalAmount amount) {
-        return ChronoDateImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.plus(amount));
+        return ChronoLocalDateImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.plus(amount));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@
         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
             throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
         }
-        return ChronoDateImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), unit.addTo(this, amountToAdd));
+        return ChronoLocalDateImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), unit.addTo(this, amountToAdd));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     default ChronoLocalDate minus(TemporalAmount amount) {
-        return ChronoDateImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.minus(amount));
+        return ChronoLocalDateImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.minus(amount));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     default ChronoLocalDate minus(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        return ChronoDateImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.minus(amountToSubtract, unit));
+        return ChronoLocalDateImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.minus(amountToSubtract, unit));
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -561,8 +561,8 @@
      * objects in terms of a single {@code TemporalUnit}.
      * The start and end points are {@code this} and the specified date.
      * The result will be negative if the end is before the start.
-     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method must be a
-     * {@code ChronoLocalDate} in the same chronology.
+     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method is converted to a
+     * {@code ChronoLocalDate} using {@link Chronology#date(TemporalAccessor)}.
      * The calculation returns a whole number, representing the number of
      * complete units between the two dates.
      * For example, the amount in days between two dates can be calculated
@@ -586,25 +586,30 @@
      * <p>
      * If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)}
-     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the input temporal as
+     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the converted input temporal as
      * the second argument.
      * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
-     * @param endDate  the end date, which must be a {@code ChronoLocalDate}
-     *  in the same chronology, not null
+     * @param endExclusive  the end date, exclusive, which is converted to a
+     *  {@code ChronoLocalDate} in the same chronology, not null
      * @param unit  the unit to measure the amount in, not null
      * @return the amount of time between this date and the end date
-     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated, or the end
+     *  temporal cannot be converted to a {@code ChronoLocalDate}
+     * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
      */
     @Override  // override for Javadoc
-    long until(Temporal endDate, TemporalUnit unit);
+    long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit);
 
     /**
-     * Calculates the period between this date and another date as a {@code Period}.
+     * Calculates the period between this date and another date as a {@code ChronoPeriod}.
      * <p>
-     * This calculates the period between two dates in terms of years, months and days.
+     * This calculates the period between two dates. All supplied chronologies
+     * calculate the period using years, months and days, however the
+     * {@code ChronoPeriod} API allows the period to be represented using other units.
+     * <p>
      * The start and end points are {@code this} and the specified date.
      * The result will be negative if the end is before the start.
      * The negative sign will be the same in each of year, month and day.
@@ -614,12 +619,12 @@
      * <p>
      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
      *
-     * @param endDate  the end date, exclusive, which may be in any chronology, not null
+     * @param endDateExclusive  the end date, exclusive, which may be in any chronology, not null
      * @return the period between this date and the end date, not null
      * @throws DateTimeException if the period cannot be calculated
      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
      */
-    Period until(ChronoLocalDate endDate);
+    ChronoPeriod until(ChronoLocalDate endDateExclusive);
 
     /**
      * Formats this date using the specified formatter.
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/ChronoLocalDateImpl.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2012, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2012, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
+ *
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ *  * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
+ * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+package java.time.chrono;
+
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH;
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.ERA;
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR;
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.PROLEPTIC_MONTH;
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.time.DateTimeException;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.time.temporal.Temporal;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjuster;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalAmount;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalUnit;
+import java.time.temporal.UnsupportedTemporalTypeException;
+import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * A date expressed in terms of a standard year-month-day calendar system.
+ * <p>
+ * This class is used by applications seeking to handle dates in non-ISO calendar systems.
+ * For example, the Japanese, Minguo, Thai Buddhist and others.
+ * <p>
+ * {@code ChronoLocalDate} is built on the generic concepts of year, month and day.
+ * The calendar system, represented by a {@link java.time.chrono.Chronology}, expresses the relationship between
+ * the fields and this class allows the resulting date to be manipulated.
+ * <p>
+ * Note that not all calendar systems are suitable for use with this class.
+ * For example, the Mayan calendar uses a system that bears no relation to years, months and days.
+ * <p>
+ * The API design encourages the use of {@code LocalDate} for the majority of the application.
+ * This includes code to read and write from a persistent data store, such as a database,
+ * and to send dates and times across a network. The {@code ChronoLocalDate} instance is then used
+ * at the user interface level to deal with localized input/output.
+ *
+ * <P>Example: </p>
+ * <pre>
+ *        System.out.printf("Example()%n");
+ *        // Enumerate the list of available calendars and print today for each
+ *        Set&lt;Chronology&gt; chronos = Chronology.getAvailableChronologies();
+ *        for (Chronology chrono : chronos) {
+ *            ChronoLocalDate date = chrono.dateNow();
+ *            System.out.printf("   %20s: %s%n", chrono.getID(), date.toString());
+ *        }
+ *
+ *        // Print the Hijrah date and calendar
+ *        ChronoLocalDate date = Chronology.of("Hijrah").dateNow();
+ *        int day = date.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH);
+ *        int dow = date.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK);
+ *        int month = date.get(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);
+ *        int year = date.get(ChronoField.YEAR);
+ *        System.out.printf("  Today is %s %s %d-%s-%d%n", date.getChronology().getID(),
+ *                dow, day, month, year);
+
+ *        // Print today's date and the last day of the year
+ *        ChronoLocalDate now1 = Chronology.of("Hijrah").dateNow();
+ *        ChronoLocalDate first = now1.with(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH, 1)
+ *                .with(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, 1);
+ *        ChronoLocalDate last = first.plus(1, ChronoUnit.YEARS)
+ *                .minus(1, ChronoUnit.DAYS);
+ *        System.out.printf("  Today is %s: start: %s; end: %s%n", last.getChronology().getID(),
+ *                first, last);
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <h3>Adding Calendars</h3>
+ * <p> The set of calendars is extensible by defining a subclass of {@link ChronoLocalDate}
+ * to represent a date instance and an implementation of {@code Chronology}
+ * to be the factory for the ChronoLocalDate subclass.
+ * </p>
+ * <p> To permit the discovery of the additional calendar types the implementation of
+ * {@code Chronology} must be registered as a Service implementing the {@code Chronology} interface
+ * in the {@code META-INF/Services} file as per the specification of {@link java.util.ServiceLoader}.
+ * The subclass must function according to the {@code Chronology} class description and must provide its
+ * {@link java.time.chrono.Chronology#getId() chronlogy ID} and {@link Chronology#getCalendarType() calendar type}. </p>
+ *
+ * @implSpec
+ * This abstract class must be implemented with care to ensure other classes operate correctly.
+ * All implementations that can be instantiated must be final, immutable and thread-safe.
+ * Subclasses should be Serializable wherever possible.
+ *
+ * @param <D> the ChronoLocalDate of this date-time
+ * @since 1.8
+ */
+abstract class ChronoLocalDateImpl<D extends ChronoLocalDate>
+        implements ChronoLocalDate, Temporal, TemporalAdjuster, Serializable {
+
+    /**
+     * Serialization version.
+     */
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6282433883239719096L;
+
+    /**
+     * Casts the {@code Temporal} to {@code ChronoLocalDate} ensuring it bas the specified chronology.
+     *
+     * @param chrono  the chronology to check for, not null
+     * @param temporal  a date-time to cast, not null
+     * @return the date-time checked and cast to {@code ChronoLocalDate}, not null
+     * @throws ClassCastException if the date-time cannot be cast to ChronoLocalDate
+     *  or the chronology is not equal this Chronology
+     */
+    static <D extends ChronoLocalDate> D ensureValid(Chronology chrono, Temporal temporal) {
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        D other = (D) temporal;
+        if (chrono.equals(other.getChronology()) == false) {
+            throw new ClassCastException("Chronology mismatch, expected: " + chrono.getId() + ", actual: " + other.getChronology().getId());
+        }
+        return other;
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Creates an instance.
+     */
+    ChronoLocalDateImpl() {
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public D with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster) {
+        return (D) ChronoLocalDate.super.with(adjuster);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public D with(TemporalField field, long value) {
+        return (D) ChronoLocalDate.super.with(field, value);
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public D plus(TemporalAmount amount) {
+        return (D) ChronoLocalDate.super.plus(amount);
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public D plus(long amountToAdd, TemporalUnit unit) {
+        if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
+            ChronoUnit f = (ChronoUnit) unit;
+            switch (f) {
+                case DAYS: return plusDays(amountToAdd);
+                case WEEKS: return plusDays(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, 7));
+                case MONTHS: return plusMonths(amountToAdd);
+                case YEARS: return plusYears(amountToAdd);
+                case DECADES: return plusYears(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, 10));
+                case CENTURIES: return plusYears(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, 100));
+                case MILLENNIA: return plusYears(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, 1000));
+                case ERAS: return with(ERA, Math.addExact(getLong(ERA), amountToAdd));
+            }
+            throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
+        }
+        return (D) ChronoLocalDate.super.plus(amountToAdd, unit);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public D minus(TemporalAmount amount) {
+        return (D) ChronoLocalDate.super.minus(amount);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public D minus(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit) {
+        return (D) ChronoLocalDate.super.minus(amountToSubtract, unit);
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period in years added.
+     * <p>
+     * This adds the specified period in years to the date.
+     * In some cases, adding years can cause the resulting date to become invalid.
+     * If this occurs, then other fields, typically the day-of-month, will be adjusted to ensure
+     * that the result is valid. Typically this will select the last valid day of the month.
+     * <p>
+     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
+     *
+     * @param yearsToAdd  the years to add, may be negative
+     * @return a date based on this one with the years added, not null
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
+     */
+    abstract D plusYears(long yearsToAdd);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period in months added.
+     * <p>
+     * This adds the specified period in months to the date.
+     * In some cases, adding months can cause the resulting date to become invalid.
+     * If this occurs, then other fields, typically the day-of-month, will be adjusted to ensure
+     * that the result is valid. Typically this will select the last valid day of the month.
+     * <p>
+     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
+     *
+     * @param monthsToAdd  the months to add, may be negative
+     * @return a date based on this one with the months added, not null
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
+     */
+    abstract D plusMonths(long monthsToAdd);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period in weeks added.
+     * <p>
+     * This adds the specified period in weeks to the date.
+     * In some cases, adding weeks can cause the resulting date to become invalid.
+     * If this occurs, then other fields will be adjusted to ensure that the result is valid.
+     * <p>
+     * The default implementation uses {@link #plusDays(long)} using a 7 day week.
+     * <p>
+     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
+     *
+     * @param weeksToAdd  the weeks to add, may be negative
+     * @return a date based on this one with the weeks added, not null
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
+     */
+    D plusWeeks(long weeksToAdd) {
+        return plusDays(Math.multiplyExact(weeksToAdd, 7));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified number of days added.
+     * <p>
+     * This adds the specified period in days to the date.
+     * <p>
+     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
+     *
+     * @param daysToAdd  the days to add, may be negative
+     * @return a date based on this one with the days added, not null
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
+     */
+    abstract D plusDays(long daysToAdd);
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period in years subtracted.
+     * <p>
+     * This subtracts the specified period in years to the date.
+     * In some cases, subtracting years can cause the resulting date to become invalid.
+     * If this occurs, then other fields, typically the day-of-month, will be adjusted to ensure
+     * that the result is valid. Typically this will select the last valid day of the month.
+     * <p>
+     * The default implementation uses {@link #plusYears(long)}.
+     * <p>
+     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
+     *
+     * @param yearsToSubtract  the years to subtract, may be negative
+     * @return a date based on this one with the years subtracted, not null
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    D minusYears(long yearsToSubtract) {
+        return (yearsToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? ((ChronoLocalDateImpl<D>)plusYears(Long.MAX_VALUE)).plusYears(1) : plusYears(-yearsToSubtract));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period in months subtracted.
+     * <p>
+     * This subtracts the specified period in months to the date.
+     * In some cases, subtracting months can cause the resulting date to become invalid.
+     * If this occurs, then other fields, typically the day-of-month, will be adjusted to ensure
+     * that the result is valid. Typically this will select the last valid day of the month.
+     * <p>
+     * The default implementation uses {@link #plusMonths(long)}.
+     * <p>
+     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
+     *
+     * @param monthsToSubtract  the months to subtract, may be negative
+     * @return a date based on this one with the months subtracted, not null
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    D minusMonths(long monthsToSubtract) {
+        return (monthsToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? ((ChronoLocalDateImpl<D>)plusMonths(Long.MAX_VALUE)).plusMonths(1) : plusMonths(-monthsToSubtract));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period in weeks subtracted.
+     * <p>
+     * This subtracts the specified period in weeks to the date.
+     * In some cases, subtracting weeks can cause the resulting date to become invalid.
+     * If this occurs, then other fields will be adjusted to ensure that the result is valid.
+     * <p>
+     * The default implementation uses {@link #plusWeeks(long)}.
+     * <p>
+     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
+     *
+     * @param weeksToSubtract  the weeks to subtract, may be negative
+     * @return a date based on this one with the weeks subtracted, not null
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    D minusWeeks(long weeksToSubtract) {
+        return (weeksToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? ((ChronoLocalDateImpl<D>)plusWeeks(Long.MAX_VALUE)).plusWeeks(1) : plusWeeks(-weeksToSubtract));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified number of days subtracted.
+     * <p>
+     * This subtracts the specified period in days to the date.
+     * <p>
+     * The default implementation uses {@link #plusDays(long)}.
+     * <p>
+     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
+     *
+     * @param daysToSubtract  the days to subtract, may be negative
+     * @return a date based on this one with the days subtracted, not null
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    D minusDays(long daysToSubtract) {
+        return (daysToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? ((ChronoLocalDateImpl<D>)plusDays(Long.MAX_VALUE)).plusDays(1) : plusDays(-daysToSubtract));
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    @Override
+    public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(endExclusive, "endExclusive");
+        ChronoLocalDate end = getChronology().date(endExclusive);
+        if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
+            switch ((ChronoUnit) unit) {
+                case DAYS: return daysUntil(end);
+                case WEEKS: return daysUntil(end) / 7;
+                case MONTHS: return monthsUntil(end);
+                case YEARS: return monthsUntil(end) / 12;
+                case DECADES: return monthsUntil(end) / 120;
+                case CENTURIES: return monthsUntil(end) / 1200;
+                case MILLENNIA: return monthsUntil(end) / 12000;
+                case ERAS: return end.getLong(ERA) - getLong(ERA);
+            }
+            throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
+        }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(unit, "unit");
+        return unit.between(this, end);
+    }
+
+    private long daysUntil(ChronoLocalDate end) {
+        return end.toEpochDay() - toEpochDay();  // no overflow
+    }
+
+    private long monthsUntil(ChronoLocalDate end) {
+        ValueRange range = getChronology().range(MONTH_OF_YEAR);
+        if (range.getMaximum() != 12) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("ChronoLocalDateImpl only supports Chronologies with 12 months per year");
+        }
+        long packed1 = getLong(PROLEPTIC_MONTH) * 32L + get(DAY_OF_MONTH);  // no overflow
+        long packed2 = end.getLong(PROLEPTIC_MONTH) * 32L + end.get(DAY_OF_MONTH);  // no overflow
+        return (packed2 - packed1) / 32;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (obj instanceof ChronoLocalDate) {
+            return compareTo((ChronoLocalDate) obj) == 0;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        long epDay = toEpochDay();
+        return getChronology().hashCode() ^ ((int) (epDay ^ (epDay >>> 32)));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        // getLong() reduces chances of exceptions in toString()
+        long yoe = getLong(YEAR_OF_ERA);
+        long moy = getLong(MONTH_OF_YEAR);
+        long dom = getLong(DAY_OF_MONTH);
+        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(30);
+        buf.append(getChronology().toString())
+                .append(" ")
+                .append(getEra())
+                .append(" ")
+                .append(yoe)
+                .append(moy < 10 ? "-0" : "-").append(moy)
+                .append(dom < 10 ? "-0" : "-").append(dom);
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+}
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/ChronoLocalDateTime.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/ChronoLocalDateTime.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@
         if (temporal instanceof ChronoLocalDateTime) {
             return (ChronoLocalDateTime<?>) temporal;
         }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
         Chronology chrono = temporal.query(TemporalQuery.chronology());
         if (chrono == null) {
             throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain ChronoLocalDateTime from TemporalAccessor: " + temporal.getClass());
@@ -174,6 +175,18 @@
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
+     * Gets the chronology of this date-time.
+     * <p>
+     * The {@code Chronology} represents the calendar system in use.
+     * The era and other fields in {@link ChronoField} are defined by the chronology.
+     *
+     * @return the chronology, not null
+     */
+    default Chronology getChronology() {
+        return toLocalDate().getChronology();
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Gets the local date part of this date-time.
      * <p>
      * This returns a local date with the same year, month and day
@@ -250,7 +263,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     default ChronoLocalDateTime<D> with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster) {
-        return ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(toLocalDate().getChronology(), Temporal.super.with(adjuster));
+        return ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.with(adjuster));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -268,7 +281,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     default ChronoLocalDateTime<D> plus(TemporalAmount amount) {
-        return ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(toLocalDate().getChronology(), Temporal.super.plus(amount));
+        return ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.plus(amount));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -286,7 +299,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     default ChronoLocalDateTime<D> minus(TemporalAmount amount) {
-        return ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(toLocalDate().getChronology(), Temporal.super.minus(amount));
+        return ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.minus(amount));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -296,7 +309,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     default ChronoLocalDateTime<D> minus(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        return ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(toLocalDate().getChronology(), Temporal.super.minus(amountToSubtract, unit));
+        return ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.minus(amountToSubtract, unit));
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -326,7 +339,7 @@
         } else if (query == TemporalQuery.localTime()) {
             return (R) toLocalTime();
         } else if (query == TemporalQuery.chronology()) {
-            return (R) toLocalDate().getChronology();
+            return (R) getChronology();
         } else if (query == TemporalQuery.precision()) {
             return (R) NANOS;
         }
@@ -488,7 +501,7 @@
         if (cmp == 0) {
             cmp = toLocalTime().compareTo(other.toLocalTime());
             if (cmp == 0) {
-                cmp = toLocalDate().getChronology().compareTo(other.toLocalDate().getChronology());
+                cmp = getChronology().compareTo(other.getChronology());
             }
         }
         return cmp;
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@
 import java.io.ObjectOutput;
 import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.time.DateTimeException;
 import java.time.LocalTime;
 import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
@@ -187,9 +186,9 @@
     static <R extends ChronoLocalDate> ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl<R> ensureValid(Chronology chrono, Temporal temporal) {
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
         ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl<R> other = (ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl<R>) temporal;
-        if (chrono.equals(other.toLocalDate().getChronology()) == false) {
+        if (chrono.equals(other.getChronology()) == false) {
             throw new ClassCastException("Chronology mismatch, required: " + chrono.getId()
-                    + ", actual: " + other.toLocalDate().getChronology().getId());
+                    + ", actual: " + other.getChronology().getId());
         }
         return other;
     }
@@ -220,7 +219,7 @@
             return this;
         }
         // Validate that the new Temporal is a ChronoLocalDate (and not something else)
-        D cd = ChronoDateImpl.ensureValid(date.getChronology(), newDate);
+        D cd = ChronoLocalDateImpl.ensureValid(date.getChronology(), newDate);
         return new ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl<>(cd, newTime);
     }
 
@@ -369,15 +368,10 @@
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     @Override
-    public long until(Temporal endDateTime, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        if (endDateTime instanceof ChronoLocalDateTime == false) {
-            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate amount as objects are of two different types");
-        }
+    public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(endExclusive, "endExclusive");
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-        ChronoLocalDateTime<D> end = (ChronoLocalDateTime<D>) endDateTime;
-        if (toLocalDate().getChronology().equals(end.toLocalDate().getChronology()) == false) {
-            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate amount as objects have different chronologies");
-        }
+        ChronoLocalDateTime<D> end = (ChronoLocalDateTime<D>) getChronology().localDateTime(endExclusive);
         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
             if (unit.isTimeBased()) {
                 long amount = end.getLong(EPOCH_DAY) - date.getLong(EPOCH_DAY);
@@ -398,7 +392,8 @@
             }
             return date.until(endDate, unit);
         }
-        return unit.between(this, endDateTime);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(unit, "unit");
+        return unit.between(this, end);
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/ChronoPeriod.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
+ * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
+ * file:
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
+ *
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ *  * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
+ * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+package java.time.chrono;
+
+import java.time.DateTimeException;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.time.temporal.Temporal;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalAmount;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalUnit;
+import java.time.temporal.UnsupportedTemporalTypeException;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * A date-based amount of time, such as '3 years, 4 months and 5 days' in an
+ * arbitrary chronology, intended for advanced globalization use cases.
+ * <p>
+ * This interface models a date-based amount of time in a calendar system.
+ * While most calendar systems use years, months and days, some do not.
+ * Therefore, this interface operates solely in terms of a set of supported
+ * units that are defined by the {@code Chronology}.
+ * The set of supported units is fixed for a given chronology.
+ * The amount of a supported unit may be set to zero.
+ * <p>
+ * The period is modeled as a directed amount of time, meaning that individual
+ * parts of the period may be negative.
+ *
+ * @implSpec
+ * This interface must be implemented with care to ensure other classes operate correctly.
+ * All implementations that can be instantiated must be final, immutable and thread-safe.
+ * Subclasses should be Serializable wherever possible.
+ *
+ * @since 1.8
+ */
+public interface ChronoPeriod
+        extends TemporalAmount {
+
+    /**
+     * Obtains a {@code ChronoPeriod} consisting of amount of time between two dates.
+     * <p>
+     * The start date is included, but the end date is not.
+     * The period is calculated using {@link ChronoLocalDate#until(ChronoLocalDate)}.
+     * As such, the calculation is chronology specific.
+     * <p>
+     * The chronology of the first date is used.
+     * The chronology of the second date is ignored, with the date being converted
+     * to the target chronology system before the calculation starts.
+     * <p>
+     * The result of this method can be a negative period if the end is before the start.
+     * In most cases, the positive/negative sign will be the same in each of the supported fields.
+     *
+     * @param startDateInclusive  the start date, inclusive, specifying the chronology of the calculation, not null
+     * @param endDateExclusive  the end date, exclusive, in any chronology, not null
+     * @return the period between this date and the end date, not null
+     * @see ChronoLocalDate#until(ChronoLocalDate)
+     */
+    public static ChronoPeriod between(ChronoLocalDate startDateInclusive, ChronoLocalDate endDateExclusive) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(startDateInclusive, "startDateInclusive");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(endDateExclusive, "endDateExclusive");
+        return startDateInclusive.until(endDateExclusive);
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Gets the value of the requested unit.
+     * <p>
+     * The supported units are chronology specific.
+     * They will typically be {@link ChronoUnit#YEARS YEARS},
+     * {@link ChronoUnit#MONTHS MONTHS} and {@link ChronoUnit#DAYS DAYS}.
+     * Requesting an unsupported unit will throw an exception.
+     *
+     * @param unit the {@code TemporalUnit} for which to return the value
+     * @return the long value of the unit
+     * @throws DateTimeException if the unit is not supported
+     * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
+     */
+    @Override
+    long get(TemporalUnit unit);
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the set of units supported by this period.
+     * <p>
+     * The supported units are chronology specific.
+     * They will typically be {@link ChronoUnit#YEARS YEARS},
+     * {@link ChronoUnit#MONTHS MONTHS} and {@link ChronoUnit#DAYS DAYS}.
+     * They are returned in order from largest to smallest.
+     * <p>
+     * This set can be used in conjunction with {@link #get(TemporalUnit)}
+     * to access the entire state of the period.
+     *
+     * @return a list containing the supported units, not null
+     */
+    @Override
+    List<TemporalUnit> getUnits();
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the chronology that defines the meaning of the supported units.
+     * <p>
+     * The period is defined by the chronology.
+     * It controls the supported units and restricts addition/subtraction
+     * to {@code ChronoLocalDate} instances of the same chronology.
+     *
+     * @return the chronology defining the period, not null
+     */
+    Chronology getChronology();
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Checks if all the supported units of this period are zero.
+     *
+     * @return true if this period is zero-length
+     */
+    default boolean isZero() {
+        for (TemporalUnit unit : getUnits()) {
+            if (get(unit) != 0) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if any of the supported units of this period are negative.
+     *
+     * @return true if any unit of this period is negative
+     */
+    default boolean isNegative() {
+        for (TemporalUnit unit : getUnits()) {
+            if (get(unit) < 0) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Returns a copy of this period with the specified period added.
+     * <p>
+     * If the specified amount is a {@code ChronoPeriod} then it must have
+     * the same chronology as this period. Implementations may choose to
+     * accept or reject other {@code TemporalAmount} implementations.
+     * <p>
+     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
+     *
+     * @param amountToAdd  the period to add, not null
+     * @return a {@code ChronoPeriod} based on this period with the requested period added, not null
+     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
+     */
+    ChronoPeriod plus(TemporalAmount amountToAdd);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a copy of this period with the specified period subtracted.
+     * <p>
+     * If the specified amount is a {@code ChronoPeriod} then it must have
+     * the same chronology as this period. Implementations may choose to
+     * accept or reject other {@code TemporalAmount} implementations.
+     * <p>
+     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
+     *
+     * @param amountToSubtract  the period to subtract, not null
+     * @return a {@code ChronoPeriod} based on this period with the requested period subtracted, not null
+     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
+     */
+    ChronoPeriod minus(TemporalAmount amountToSubtract);
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Returns a new instance with each amount in this period in this period
+     * multiplied by the specified scalar.
+     * <p>
+     * This returns a period with each supported unit individually multiplied.
+     * For example, a period of "2 years, -3 months and 4 days" multiplied by
+     * 3 will return "6 years, -9 months and 12 days".
+     * No normalization is performed.
+     *
+     * @param scalar  the scalar to multiply by, not null
+     * @return a {@code ChronoPeriod} based on this period with the amounts multiplied
+     *  by the scalar, not null
+     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
+     */
+    ChronoPeriod multipliedBy(int scalar);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a new instance with each amount in this period negated.
+     * <p>
+     * This returns a period with each supported unit individually negated.
+     * For example, a period of "2 years, -3 months and 4 days" will be
+     * negated to "-2 years, 3 months and -4 days".
+     * No normalization is performed.
+     *
+     * @return a {@code ChronoPeriod} based on this period with the amounts negated, not null
+     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs, which only happens if
+     *  one of the units has the value {@code Long.MIN_VALUE}
+     */
+    default ChronoPeriod negated() {
+        return multipliedBy(-1);
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Returns a copy of this period with the amounts of each unit normalized.
+     * <p>
+     * The process of normalization is specific to each calendar system.
+     * For example, in the ISO calendar system, the years and months are
+     * normalized but the days are not, such that "15 months" would be
+     * normalized to "1 year and 3 months".
+     * <p>
+     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
+     *
+     * @return a {@code ChronoPeriod} based on this period with the amounts of each
+     *  unit normalized, not null
+     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
+     */
+    ChronoPeriod normalized();
+
+    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Adds this period to the specified temporal object.
+     * <p>
+     * This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input
+     * with this period added.
+     * <p>
+     * In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using
+     * {@link Temporal#plus(TemporalAmount)}.
+     * <pre>
+     *   // these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended
+     *   dateTime = thisPeriod.addTo(dateTime);
+     *   dateTime = dateTime.plus(thisPeriod);
+     * </pre>
+     * <p>
+     * The specified temporal must have the same chronology as this period.
+     * This returns a temporal with the non-zero supported units added.
+     * <p>
+     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
+     *
+     * @param temporal  the temporal object to adjust, not null
+     * @return an object of the same type with the adjustment made, not null
+     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to add
+     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
+     */
+    @Override
+    Temporal addTo(Temporal temporal);
+
+    /**
+     * Subtracts this period from the specified temporal object.
+     * <p>
+     * This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input
+     * with this period subtracted.
+     * <p>
+     * In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using
+     * {@link Temporal#minus(TemporalAmount)}.
+     * <pre>
+     *   // these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended
+     *   dateTime = thisPeriod.subtractFrom(dateTime);
+     *   dateTime = dateTime.minus(thisPeriod);
+     * </pre>
+     * <p>
+     * The specified temporal must have the same chronology as this period.
+     * This returns a temporal with the non-zero supported units subtracted.
+     * <p>
+     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
+     *
+     * @param temporal  the temporal object to adjust, not null
+     * @return an object of the same type with the adjustment made, not null
+     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to subtract
+     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
+     */
+    @Override
+    Temporal subtractFrom(Temporal temporal);
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Checks if this period is equal to another period, including the chronology.
+     * <p>
+     * Compares this period with another ensuring that the type, each amount and
+     * the chronology are the same.
+     * Note that this means that a period of "15 Months" is not equal to a period
+     * of "1 Year and 3 Months".
+     *
+     * @param obj  the object to check, null returns false
+     * @return true if this is equal to the other period
+     */
+    @Override
+    boolean equals(Object obj);
+
+    /**
+     * A hash code for this period.
+     *
+     * @return a suitable hash code
+     */
+    @Override
+    int hashCode();
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Outputs this period as a {@code String}.
+     * <p>
+     * The output will include the period amounts and chronology.
+     *
+     * @return a string representation of this period, not null
+     */
+    @Override
+    String toString();
+
+}
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/ChronoPeriodImpl.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
+ *
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ *  * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
+ * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+package java.time.chrono;
+
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR;
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.DAYS;
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.MONTHS;
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.YEARS;
+
+import java.io.DataInput;
+import java.io.DataOutput;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
+import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.time.DateTimeException;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.time.temporal.Temporal;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalAmount;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalQuery;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalUnit;
+import java.time.temporal.UnsupportedTemporalTypeException;
+import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * A period expressed in terms of a standard year-month-day calendar system.
+ * <p>
+ * This class is used by applications seeking to handle dates in non-ISO calendar systems.
+ * For example, the Japanese, Minguo, Thai Buddhist and others.
+ *
+ * @implSpec
+ * This class is immutable nad thread-safe.
+ *
+ * @since 1.8
+ */
+final class ChronoPeriodImpl
+        implements ChronoPeriod, Serializable {
+    // this class is only used by JDK chronology implementations and makes assumptions based on that fact
+
+    /**
+     * Serialization version.
+     */
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 57387258289L;
+
+    /**
+     * The set of supported units.
+     */
+    private final static List<TemporalUnit> SUPPORTED_UNITS =
+            Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.<TemporalUnit>asList(YEARS, MONTHS, DAYS));
+
+    /**
+     * The chronology.
+     */
+    private final Chronology chrono;
+    /**
+     * The number of years.
+     */
+    final int years;
+    /**
+     * The number of months.
+     */
+    final int months;
+    /**
+     * The number of days.
+     */
+    final int days;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an instance.
+     */
+    ChronoPeriodImpl(Chronology chrono, int years, int months, int days) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(chrono, "chrono");
+        this.chrono = chrono;
+        this.years = years;
+        this.months = months;
+        this.days = days;
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    @Override
+    public long get(TemporalUnit unit) {
+        if (unit == ChronoUnit.YEARS) {
+            return years;
+        } else if (unit == ChronoUnit.MONTHS) {
+            return months;
+        } else if (unit == ChronoUnit.DAYS) {
+            return days;
+        } else {
+            throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<TemporalUnit> getUnits() {
+        return ChronoPeriodImpl.SUPPORTED_UNITS;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Chronology getChronology() {
+        return chrono;
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    @Override
+    public boolean isZero() {
+        return years == 0 && months == 0 && days == 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isNegative() {
+        return years < 0 || months < 0 || days < 0;
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    @Override
+    public ChronoPeriod plus(TemporalAmount amountToAdd) {
+        ChronoPeriodImpl amount = validateAmount(amountToAdd);
+        return new ChronoPeriodImpl(
+                chrono,
+                Math.addExact(years, amount.years),
+                Math.addExact(months, amount.months),
+                Math.addExact(days, amount.days));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ChronoPeriod minus(TemporalAmount amountToSubtract) {
+        ChronoPeriodImpl amount = validateAmount(amountToSubtract);
+        return new ChronoPeriodImpl(
+                chrono,
+                Math.subtractExact(years, amount.years),
+                Math.subtractExact(months, amount.months),
+                Math.subtractExact(days, amount.days));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Obtains an instance of {@code ChronoPeriodImpl} from a temporal amount.
+     *
+     * @param amount  the temporal amount to convert, not null
+     * @return the period, not null
+     */
+    private ChronoPeriodImpl validateAmount(TemporalAmount amount) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(amount, "amount");
+        if (amount instanceof ChronoPeriodImpl == false) {
+            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain ChronoPeriod from TemporalAmount: " + amount.getClass());
+        }
+        ChronoPeriodImpl period = (ChronoPeriodImpl) amount;
+        if (chrono.equals(period.getChronology()) == false) {
+            throw new ClassCastException("Chronology mismatch, expected: " + chrono.getId() + ", actual: " + period.getChronology().getId());
+        }
+        return period;
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    @Override
+    public ChronoPeriod multipliedBy(int scalar) {
+        if (this.isZero() || scalar == 1) {
+            return this;
+        }
+        return new ChronoPeriodImpl(
+                chrono,
+                Math.multiplyExact(years, scalar),
+                Math.multiplyExact(months, scalar),
+                Math.multiplyExact(days, scalar));
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    @Override
+    public ChronoPeriod normalized() {
+        long monthRange = monthRange();
+        if (monthRange > 0) {
+            long totalMonths = years * monthRange + months;
+            long splitYears = totalMonths / monthRange;
+            int splitMonths = (int) (totalMonths % monthRange);  // no overflow
+            if (splitYears == years && splitMonths == months) {
+                return this;
+            }
+            return new ChronoPeriodImpl(chrono, Math.toIntExact(splitYears), splitMonths, days);
+
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates the range of months.
+     *
+     * @return the month range, -1 if not fixed range
+     */
+    private long monthRange() {
+        ValueRange startRange = chrono.range(MONTH_OF_YEAR);
+        if (startRange.isFixed() && startRange.isIntValue()) {
+            return startRange.getMaximum() - startRange.getMinimum() + 1;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    @Override
+    public Temporal addTo(Temporal temporal) {
+        validateChrono(temporal);
+        if (months == 0) {
+            if (years != 0) {
+                temporal = temporal.plus(years, YEARS);
+            }
+        } else {
+            long monthRange = monthRange();
+            if (monthRange > 0) {
+                temporal = temporal.plus(years * monthRange + months, MONTHS);
+            } else {
+                if (years != 0) {
+                    temporal = temporal.plus(years, YEARS);
+                }
+                temporal = temporal.plus(months, MONTHS);
+            }
+        }
+        if (days != 0) {
+            temporal = temporal.plus(days, DAYS);
+        }
+        return temporal;
+    }
+
+
+
+    @Override
+    public Temporal subtractFrom(Temporal temporal) {
+        validateChrono(temporal);
+        if (months == 0) {
+            if (years != 0) {
+                temporal = temporal.minus(years, YEARS);
+            }
+        } else {
+            long monthRange = monthRange();
+            if (monthRange > 0) {
+                temporal = temporal.minus(years * monthRange + months, MONTHS);
+            } else {
+                if (years != 0) {
+                    temporal = temporal.minus(years, YEARS);
+                }
+                temporal = temporal.minus(months, MONTHS);
+            }
+        }
+        if (days != 0) {
+            temporal = temporal.minus(days, DAYS);
+        }
+        return temporal;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validates that the temporal has the correct chronology.
+     */
+    private void validateChrono(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
+        Chronology temporalChrono = temporal.query(TemporalQuery.chronology());
+        if (temporalChrono != null && chrono.equals(temporalChrono) == false) {
+            throw new DateTimeException("Chronology mismatch, expected: " + chrono.getId() + ", actual: " + temporalChrono.getId());
+        }
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (obj instanceof ChronoPeriodImpl) {
+            ChronoPeriodImpl other = (ChronoPeriodImpl) obj;
+            return years == other.years && months == other.months &&
+                    days == other.days && chrono.equals(other.chrono);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return (years + Integer.rotateLeft(months, 8) + Integer.rotateLeft(days, 16)) ^ chrono.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        if (isZero()) {
+            return getChronology().toString() + " P0D";
+        } else {
+            StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+            buf.append(getChronology().toString()).append(' ').append('P');
+            if (years != 0) {
+                buf.append(years).append('Y');
+            }
+            if (months != 0) {
+                buf.append(months).append('M');
+            }
+            if (days != 0) {
+                buf.append(days).append('D');
+            }
+            return buf.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Writes the Chronology using a
+     * <a href="../../../serialized-form.html#java.time.chrono.Ser">dedicated serialized form</a>.
+     * <pre>
+     *  out.writeByte(12);  // identifies this as a ChronoPeriodImpl
+     *  out.writeUTF(getId());  // the chronology
+     *  out.writeInt(years);
+     *  out.writeInt(months);
+     *  out.writeInt(days);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @return the instance of {@code Ser}, not null
+     */
+    protected Object writeReplace() {
+        return new Ser(Ser.CHRONO_PERIOD_TYPE, this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Defend against malicious streams.
+     * @return never
+     * @throws InvalidObjectException always
+     */
+    private Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException {
+        throw new InvalidObjectException("Deserialization via serialization delegate");
+    }
+
+    void writeExternal(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
+        out.writeUTF(chrono.getId());
+        out.writeInt(years);
+        out.writeInt(months);
+        out.writeInt(days);
+    }
+
+    static ChronoPeriodImpl readExternal(DataInput in) throws IOException {
+        Chronology chrono = Chronology.of(in.readUTF());
+        int years = in.readInt();
+        int months = in.readInt();
+        int days = in.readInt();
+        return new ChronoPeriodImpl(chrono, years, months, days);
+    }
+
+}
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/ChronoZonedDateTime.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/ChronoZonedDateTime.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@
         if (temporal instanceof ChronoZonedDateTime) {
             return (ChronoZonedDateTime<?>) temporal;
         }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
         Chronology chrono = temporal.query(TemporalQuery.chronology());
         if (chrono == null) {
             throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain ChronoZonedDateTime from TemporalAccessor: " + temporal.getClass());
@@ -246,6 +247,18 @@
     ChronoLocalDateTime<D> toLocalDateTime();
 
     /**
+     * Gets the chronology of this date-time.
+     * <p>
+     * The {@code Chronology} represents the calendar system in use.
+     * The era and other fields in {@link ChronoField} are defined by the chronology.
+     *
+     * @return the chronology, not null
+     */
+    default Chronology getChronology() {
+        return toLocalDate().getChronology();
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Gets the zone offset, such as '+01:00'.
      * <p>
      * This is the offset of the local date-time from UTC/Greenwich.
@@ -397,7 +410,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     default ChronoZonedDateTime<D> with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster) {
-        return ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(toLocalDate().getChronology(), Temporal.super.with(adjuster));
+        return ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.with(adjuster));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -415,7 +428,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     default ChronoZonedDateTime<D> plus(TemporalAmount amount) {
-        return ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(toLocalDate().getChronology(), Temporal.super.plus(amount));
+        return ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.plus(amount));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -433,7 +446,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     default ChronoZonedDateTime<D> minus(TemporalAmount amount) {
-        return ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(toLocalDate().getChronology(), Temporal.super.minus(amount));
+        return ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.minus(amount));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -443,7 +456,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     default ChronoZonedDateTime<D> minus(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        return ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(toLocalDate().getChronology(), Temporal.super.minus(amountToSubtract, unit));
+        return ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), Temporal.super.minus(amountToSubtract, unit));
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -475,7 +488,7 @@
         } else if (query == TemporalQuery.localTime()) {
             return (R) toLocalTime();
         } else if (query == TemporalQuery.chronology()) {
-            return (R) toLocalDate().getChronology();
+            return (R) getChronology();
         } else if (query == TemporalQuery.precision()) {
             return (R) NANOS;
         }
@@ -562,7 +575,7 @@
                 if (cmp == 0) {
                     cmp = getZone().getId().compareTo(other.getZone().getId());
                     if (cmp == 0) {
-                        cmp = toLocalDate().getChronology().compareTo(other.toLocalDate().getChronology());
+                        cmp = getChronology().compareTo(other.getChronology());
                     }
                 }
             }
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@
 import java.io.ObjectOutput;
 import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.time.DateTimeException;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.time.ZoneId;
@@ -186,7 +185,7 @@
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     private ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<D> create(Instant instant, ZoneId zone) {
-        return (ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<D>)ofInstant(toLocalDate().getChronology(), instant, zone);
+        return (ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<D>)ofInstant(getChronology(), instant, zone);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -201,9 +200,9 @@
     static <R extends ChronoLocalDate> ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<R> ensureValid(Chronology chrono, Temporal temporal) {
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
         ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<R> other = (ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<R>) temporal;
-        if (chrono.equals(other.toLocalDate().getChronology()) == false) {
+        if (chrono.equals(other.getChronology()) == false) {
             throw new ClassCastException("Chronology mismatch, required: " + chrono.getId()
-                    + ", actual: " + other.toLocalDate().getChronology().getId());
+                    + ", actual: " + other.getChronology().getId());
         }
         return other;
     }
@@ -234,7 +233,7 @@
         if (trans != null && trans.isOverlap()) {
             ZoneOffset earlierOffset = trans.getOffsetBefore();
             if (earlierOffset.equals(offset) == false) {
-                return new ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<D>(dateTime, earlierOffset, zone);
+                return new ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<>(dateTime, earlierOffset, zone);
             }
         }
         return this;
@@ -246,7 +245,7 @@
         if (trans != null) {
             ZoneOffset offset = trans.getOffsetAfter();
             if (offset.equals(getOffset()) == false) {
-                return new ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<D>(dateTime, offset, zone);
+                return new ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<>(dateTime, offset, zone);
             }
         }
         return this;
@@ -294,7 +293,7 @@
             }
             return ofBest(dateTime.with(field, newValue), zone, offset);
         }
-        return ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(toLocalDate().getChronology(), field.adjustInto(this, newValue));
+        return ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), field.adjustInto(this, newValue));
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -303,25 +302,21 @@
         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
             return with(dateTime.plus(amountToAdd, unit));
         }
-        return ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(toLocalDate().getChronology(), unit.addTo(this, amountToAdd));   /// TODO: Generics replacement Risk!
+        return ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.ensureValid(getChronology(), unit.addTo(this, amountToAdd));   /// TODO: Generics replacement Risk!
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     @Override
-    public long until(Temporal endDateTime, TemporalUnit unit) {
-        if (endDateTime instanceof ChronoZonedDateTime == false) {
-            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate amount as objects are of two different types");
-        }
+    public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(endExclusive, "endExclusive");
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-        ChronoZonedDateTime<D> end = (ChronoZonedDateTime<D>) endDateTime;
-        if (toLocalDate().getChronology().equals(end.toLocalDate().getChronology()) == false) {
-            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate amount as objects have different chronologies");
-        }
+        ChronoZonedDateTime<D> end = (ChronoZonedDateTime<D>) getChronology().zonedDateTime(endExclusive);
         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
             end = end.withZoneSameInstant(offset);
             return dateTime.until(end.toLocalDateTime(), unit);
         }
-        return unit.between(this, endDateTime);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(unit, "unit");
+        return unit.between(this, end);
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/Chronology.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/Chronology.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -91,14 +91,11 @@
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 import java.time.LocalTime;
-import java.time.Month;
-import java.time.Year;
 import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatterBuilder;
 import java.time.format.ResolverStyle;
 import java.time.format.TextStyle;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
-import java.time.temporal.Temporal;
 import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
 import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjuster;
 import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;
@@ -1192,6 +1189,38 @@
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
+     * Obtains a period for this chronology based on years, months and days.
+     * <p>
+     * This returns a period tied to this chronology using the specified
+     * years, months and days.  All supplied chronologies use periods
+     * based on years, months and days, however the {@code ChronoPeriod} API
+     * allows the period to be represented using other units.
+     *
+     * @implSpec
+     * The default implementation returns an implementation class suitable
+     * for most calendar systems. It is based solely on the three units.
+     * Normalization, addition and subtraction derive the number of months
+     * in a year from the {@link #range(ChronoField)}. If the number of
+     * months within a year is fixed, then the calculation approach for
+     * addition, subtraction and normalization is slightly different.
+     * <p>
+     * If implementing an unusual calendar system that is not based on
+     * years, months and days, or where you want direct control, then
+     * the {@code ChronoPeriod} interface must be directly implemented.
+     * <p>
+     * The returned period is immutable and thread-safe.
+     *
+     * @param years  the number of years, may be negative
+     * @param months  the number of years, may be negative
+     * @param days  the number of years, may be negative
+     * @return the period in terms of this chronology, not null
+     */
+    public ChronoPeriod period(int years, int months, int days) {
+        return new ChronoPeriodImpl(this, years, months, days);
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
      * Compares this chronology to another chronology.
      * <p>
      * The comparison order first by the chronology ID string, then by any
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/HijrahDate.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/HijrahDate.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@
 import java.time.DateTimeException;
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 import java.time.LocalTime;
-import java.time.Period;
 import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
 import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@
  * @since 1.8
  */
 public final class HijrahDate
-        extends ChronoDateImpl<HijrahDate>
+        extends ChronoLocalDateImpl<HijrahDate>
         implements ChronoLocalDate, Serializable {
 
     /**
@@ -582,7 +581,7 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public Period until(ChronoLocalDate endDate) {
+    public ChronoPeriod until(ChronoLocalDate endDate) {
         // TODO: untested
         HijrahDate end = getChronology().date(endDate);
         long totalMonths = (end.prolepticYear - this.prolepticYear) * 12 + (end.monthOfYear - this.monthOfYear);  // safe
@@ -597,7 +596,7 @@
         }
         long years = totalMonths / 12;  // safe
         int months = (int) (totalMonths % 12);  // safe
-        return Period.of(Math.toIntExact(years), months, days);
+        return getChronology().period(Math.toIntExact(years), months, days);
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/IsoChronology.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/IsoChronology.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.time.Month;
+import java.time.Period;
 import java.time.Year;
 import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
@@ -567,6 +568,24 @@
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
+     * Obtains a period for this chronology based on years, months and days.
+     * <p>
+     * This returns a period tied to the ISO chronology using the specified
+     * years, months and days. See {@link Period} for further details.
+     *
+     * @param years  the number of years, may be negative
+     * @param months  the number of years, may be negative
+     * @param days  the number of years, may be negative
+     * @return the period in terms of this chronology, not null
+     * @return the ISO period, not null
+     */
+    @Override  // override with covariant return type
+    public Period period(int years, int months, int days) {
+        return Period.of(years, months, days);
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
      * Writes the Chronology using a
      * <a href="../../../serialized-form.html#java.time.chrono.Ser">dedicated serialized form</a>.
      * @serialData
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/JapaneseDate.java	Tue Oct 08 14:53:14 2013 -0700
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/JapaneseDate.java	Tue Oct 08 14:57:32 2013 -0700
@@ -61,10 +61,8 @@
 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH;
 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR;
 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH;
-import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR;
 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR;
 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.YEAR;
-import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA;
 
 import java.io.DataInput;
 import java.io.DataOutput;
@@ -76,7 +74,6 @@
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 import java.time.LocalTime;
 import java.time.Period;
-import java.time.Year;
 import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
 import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;